Rehmannia glutinosa
1、 Classic standard of Radix Rehmanniae       This product is a processed product of raw Rehmannia glutinosa.
      [preparation] (1) take raw Rehmannia glutinosa, stew it according to the wine stewing method (general rule 0213) until the wine is absorbed, take it out, air it until the skin mucus is slightly dry, cut thick pieces or pieces, and dry it.
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      (2) Take raw Rehmannia glutinosa, steam it according to the steaming method (general rule 0213) until it is dark and moist, take it out, sun it until it is about 80% dry, cut it into thick pieces or pieces, and dry it.
      [properties] this product is irregular pieces and fragments with different sizes and thicknesses. The surface is black, shiny and sticky. It is soft and tough, not easy to break, and the section is black and shiny. .
      [identification] take 1g of this product powder, add 50ml of 80% methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 5ml of water to dissolve the residue, shake with water saturated n-butanol for four times, 10ml each time, combine n-butanol solution, evaporate to dryness, add 2ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take the calycosin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 µ l of the test solution and 2 µ l of the control solution, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate methanol formic acid (16:0.5:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, soak with 0.1% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl absolute ethanol solution, and air dry. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same color spots appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] [extract] is the same as that of Rehmannia glutinosa.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid solution (16:84); The detection wavelength was 334nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 based on the peak of verbascoside.
      Preparation of reference solution   .
      Test solution preparation   Take about 2G of the coarsest powder of the product, accurately weigh it, place it in a round bottomed flask, precisely add 100ml of methanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 50ml of the secondary filtrate, recover the solvent under reduced pressure, nearly dry the solvent, dissolve the residue with the mobile phase, transfer it to a 10ml volumetric flask, add the mobile phase to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the secondary filtrate.
      Assay   .
      The content of verbascoside (c29h36o15) in this product shall not be less than 0.020% calculated as dry product.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, mild. Return to liver and kidney channels.
      [functions and indications] replenish blood and Yin, replenish essence and fill marrow. .
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2、 Chemical constituents of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
Prepared rehmannia glutinosa contains a small amount of cycloalkene ether turns and has been released to obtain:Leonurus glycoside（leonuride)，Aucubin（aucubin），Catalpol（catalpol)，Digitalis glycoside a（rehmannioside）、Digitalis glycosideB、Digitalis glycosideC、Digitalis glycosideD，Millitoside（melittoside)[1]， Tehmaglutin A and D, gluti noside [2], etc. It also contains monoterpenoids: jioglutin a, B, C, jioglutolide, jiolutin a, B, C, jioglutolide, jiofuran [2], rehmapicrogenin [3], etc. It also contains amino acids. Compared with dry rehmannia, it does not containL-lysine(L-lysine) and the content is reduced correspondingly [4]. It also contains sugars, and the content of monosaccharides is more than twice that of fresh rehmannia [5]. In addition, it contains tcmlibihy - hydroxy - β -ionone, 5-hydroxyaeginetic acid [3],Succinic acid（suscinic acid)， 5-oxoproline, 5-hydroxymethylfuroic acid, uracil,Uracil（uracil）， Uridine [2] et al. ,palmitic acid（palmitic acid)， Stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid,Myristic acid（myristic acid）， Nonade canoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, and Maric acid [6].

3、 Pharmacological effects of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
1. effect of Rehmannia glutinosa on delaying aging in mice: 20% Rehmannia glutinosa decoction was gavaged with 0.3ml daily for 45 days, and the blood was sacrificed to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH PX) and the content of lipid peroxide (LPO). Results Radix Rehmanniae could enhance GSH PX activity and reduce the content of LPO in serum, which were p< compared with the control group; 0.05 and p< 0.01.
2. effects on hyperthyroidism Yin deficiency rats: the rats were given triiodothyronine (T3) to establish Yin deficiency model, and 3ml (70% concentration) of cooked Rehmannia Decoction was given to the rats for 6 days, and then the data were measured. Results compared with the administration group, there was no significant difference in physical signs, weight changes, 24-hour water intake and urine volume, and plasma concentrations of related hormones: T3, thyroxine (T4) and aldosterone (AD) between the normal control group and the administration group before and after treatment (p> 0.05). However, after modeling, there were very significant changes in the yin deficiency group compared with the normal group, such as being excited and aggressive, losing weight, increasing 24-hour drinking volume, increasing the concentration of T3, and decreasing the concentration of T4 and AD. However, the above symptoms and various indicators of yin deficiency rats were significantly improved and tended to be normal (compared with Yin deficiency group). ; . The concentrations of T3 and T4 in plasma of yin deficiency administration group were significantly improved (T3 concentration decreased, T4 concentration increased), and tended to be normal. It shows that Rehmannia glutinosa can not only improve the symptoms of yin deficiency, but also regulate the abnormal thyroxine status through the regulation of systemic. In addition, compared with the normal group, the body weight change, 24-hour drinking water volume, plasma T3 and T4 concentrations in the yin deficiency administration group still significantly did not reach the normal level, with extremely significant differences (p< 0.01). This showed that although all indicators in the yin deficiency administration group were significantly improved and tended to be normal compared with the yin deficiency group, they did not completely return to normal. It shows that the effect of Rehmannia glutinosa is still limited.
3. experimental observation on the blood enriching effect of prepared rehmannia glutinosa: raw and cooked Rehmannia glutinosa were made into 1:1 Decoction and gavaged into mice to observe the effect on blood loss anemia, CFU-E production of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow erythroid hematopoietic progenitor cells. . Raw and cooked Rehmannia glutinosa also have certain proliferation and differentiation effects on hematopoietic stem cells, which may indicate that the blood enriching effect of Rehmannia glutinosa is related to the production of blood cells promoted by hematopoietic stem cells. The generation of erythroid hematopoietic cells in mouse bone marrow: the number of erythroid colonies in the normal saline group was 52.4 ± 18.41, and that in the raw and cooked land groups were 60.2 ± 19.44 and 125 ± 20.45, respectively (p< 0.05). It is suggested that the blood enriching effect of Rehmannia glutinosa is also closely related to the bone marrow hematopoietic system.
4. the effect of Rehmannia glutinosa charcoal on hemostasis: for raw Rehmannia glutinosa, raw Rehmannia glutinosa, cooked Rehmannia glutinosa, cooked Rehmannia glutinosa, each 100ml of decoction contains 100g of crude drug or 33g of carbon drug preparation..........................the preparation of raw drug or carbon. Each sample was given to mice by gavage at a dose of 0.8ml/20g. Blood was taken from the inner canthus and retrobulbar venous plexus of the left eye, and the clotting time was counted and compared with the normal saline group. The results showed no significant difference (p> 0.05), suggesting that Rehmannia for hemostasis does not need processing.