Sparganium
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Sparganium sibiricum       This product is the dried tuber of Sparganium stoloniferum buch.-ham. From winter to the next spring, they were dug, washed, peeled and dried.
      [properties] the product is conical, slightly flat, 2-6cm long and 2-4cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white or grayish yellow, with knife cutting marks, small punctate fibrous root marks, and slightly arranged in a horizontal ring. Weight, solid quality. It is light in flavor and slightly spicy in chewing.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the cortex is aerated tissue, and there are large lacunae between irregular shaped parenchyma cells; The endothelial cells are closely arranged. The parenchyma cells of the stele are round like, with slightly thick walls containing starch granules; . There are scattered secretory cells in cortex and middle column, containing brownish red secretion.
      The powder is yellowish white. There are many starch granules, single granules are round, polygonal or oval, with a diameter of 2-10 μ M. the larger granules are faintly visible with punctate or fissure shaped umbilical dots, and the secretory cells contain reddish brown secretions. Fibers are mostly in bundles, with thick walls, slightly lignified or lignified, and sparse single twill holes. The lignified parenchyma cells were oblong, long oval or irregular, and the walls were bead like, slightly lignified.
      (2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 30ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Take another 2G of Sparganium Sparganium reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop them with petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - ethyl acetate (4:1), take them out, dry them, and view them under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 7.5%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] Sparganium rhizome is used to remove impurities, soak, moisten, slice and dry.
      This product is shaped like a round thin sheet. The outer skin is grayish brown. The cut surface is grayish white or yellowish white, rough, with many obvious fine veins. It is light in flavor and slightly spicy in chewing.
      [identification] (except the cross-sectional surface) [inspection] [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      Vinegar Sparganium extract Sparganium slices and stir fry them according to the vinegar roasting method (general rule 0213) until the color turns dark. Use 15kg vinegar for every 100kg of Sparganium.
      This product is shaped like trigonous tablets, with yellow to yellowish brown cut surface, and occasionally scorched macules. It has a slight vinegar aroma.
      [inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 13.0%.
      The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 5.0%.
      [identification] (2) [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and peaceful. Return to the liver and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] it can break blood and promote qi, eliminate accumulation and relieve pain. It is used for symptomatic scrofula, dysmenorrhea, blood stasis, amenorrhea, chest pain, and flatulence.
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      [note] it is forbidden for pregnant women; It should not be used with mirabilite and Glauber's salt.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Sparganium sibiricum
The tuber of Sparganium nigrum contains volatile oil, the main components of which are phenylethanol, 1,4-benzenediol, hexadecanoic acid, andDehydrocosthol(dehydrocostuslactone)， There are 21 components, including 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1h-2-benzopyran-4-one, 1-hydroxy-2-acetyl-4-methylbenzene, β -elemene, 2-furanmethanol, 2-acetylpyrrole, etc. It also contains a variety of organic acids:Succinic acid(succinic acid)， ,Benzoic acid(benzoic acid)， 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, azelaic acid, decanedioic acid and fatty acids containing c8-c10, C12, c14-c20. Also containsFormononetin(formonetin)，Stigmasterol(stigmasterol)，β - sitosterol(β-sitosterol)，Carotene(daucosterol)。
2. small black Sparganium, with alkaloids in its leaves and roots; Aerial stems contain vitamin C.

3、 Pharmacological action of Sparganium sibiricum
. It also has excitatory effect on isolated rabbit uterus.
. The control group was treated with tap water. The effects of drugs on the time, length, weight, platelet count and aggregation function, prothrombin time, white clay partial thromboplastin time, plasma fibrinogen and euglobulin dissolution time of thrombus in vitro were observed. The results are shown in table 1-4. It has been reported that the blood activating effect of Sparganium sibiricum in mice, the results showed that the administration of Sparganium sibiricum Decoction Ig (each equivalent to 10g of crude drug) had the effects of inhibiting platelet aggregation, prolonging the time of thrombosis, shortening the length of thrombus and reducing the weight, as well as the trend of prolonging prothrombin time and partial coagulation activating enzyme, and reducing the whole blood viscosity. The results provide a theoretical basis for the traditional drugs of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. In the experiment, it was also found that the effect of scirpusyagara on inhibiting thrombosis and reducing whole blood viscosity was stronger than that of this product, and the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation was stronger than that of this product.