Schizonepeta tenuifolia
1、       This product is the dried flower spike of Schizonepeta tenuisfolia briq., a Labiatae plant. In summer and autumn, the flowers are picked when they reach the top and the ears are green. Impurities are removed and dried in the sun.
      [character] the spike shaped cymose of this product is cylindrical, 3-15cm long, and about 7mm in diameter. The Corolla is mostly shedding, and the persistent calyx is yellowish green, bell shaped, fragile, with brown black nuts inside. It is fragrant, slightly astringent and pungent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. . The glandular scale has 8 cells in the head, with a diameter of 95 ～ 110 μ m, and the stalk is single-cell, brownish yellow. The glandular hair has 1-2 cells in the head and single cells in the stalk. The non glandular hairs are 1-6 cells, mostly with mural warts. The cell surface of exocarp was polygonal, the wall was sticky and liquefied, and the cell cavity contained brown matter; The cells are square or rectangular in cross-section, and the cell cavity is small. Endocarp stone cells are light brown, with deep wavy curved vertical walls and dense pits on the surface. .
      (2) Take 0.8g of the crude powder of this product, add 20ml of petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃), seal it, shake it from time to time, place it overnight, filter it, and volatilize the filtrate to about 1ml as the test solution. Another 0.8g of Schizonepeta tenuifolia panicle control medicinal material was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of pimentone and add petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) to make a solution containing 4mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. . .
      [check] moisture   Not more than 12.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 12.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 8.0%.
      [content determination] volatile oil   Determine according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
      The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.40% (ml/g).
      Menthol   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (80:20) was used as mobile phase; .
      Preparation of reference solution   Take a proper amount of peppermint ketone reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 20 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (through No. 2 screen), weigh accurately, put it into a corked conical flask, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 50KHz) for 20 minutes, filter, add 10ml of methanol to the filter residue and filter paper, sonicate again, filter, add an appropriate amount of methanol to wash twice, combine the filtrate and wash solution, transfer it to a 25ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and get it.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of peppermint ketone (C10H16O) shall not be less than 0.080%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, mild. Return to lung and liver channels.
      [functions and indications] relieve external symptoms, dispel wind, penetrate rash, and eliminate sores. .
      [usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Schizonepeta tenuifolia
The aerial part, spike and stem of Schizonepeta tenuifolia each contain 1.12%, 1.69% and 0.60% of volatile oil, the main components of which arePeppermint ketone（pulegone)， Menthone, isomenthone, and isopulegon; It also contains: 1-ethoxypentane, 3-methylcyclopentanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, Cymene, limonene, neomenthol,menthol （menthol)，L-menthol（L-Menthol），D-menthol（D-Menthol）， Piperitone, piperitenone, humulene, caryophyllene; The above ground volatile oil also contains β - pinene, 3,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, ethenyl dimethyl benzene,Cineole（cineole)， Carvone, dihydrocarvone, Verbenone [1]. Spikes contain monoterpenoids: schizoneptoside a, b[2], C, e[4], schizonol schizoneodiol [4]; Flavonoids:Geranyl lignin（diosmetin)，HesperidinHesperidin, hesperidin-7-o-rutinoside,Luteolin（luteolin)[4]，Apigenin-7-o-glucoside（apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside)， Luteolin-7-o-d-glucoside [3]; Phenolic acids:caffeic acid（caffeic acid)，Rosmarinic acid（rosmarinic acid)，methyl rosmarinate （Methyl rosmarinate)， Schizotenuin a[5], 1-carboxy-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl - (E) -3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(E) -1-carboxy-2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethoxy]propenoate][6], (E) -3-[3[1-hydroxybenzene-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethoxycarbonyl] - 7-hydroxy-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) benzofuran-5-yl] acrylic acid

3、 Pharmacological effects of Schizonepeta panicle
1. antipyretic and analgesic effects: use typhoid mixed vaccine to make rabbits fever, and give 2g/kg of Schizonepeta tenuifolia decoction or ethanol extract by gavage, which has only weak antipyretic effect. Jingjie decoction has antipyretic and analgesic effects. D-menthone in Schizonepeta tenuifolia is the main analgesic component, and 3-methylcyclohexanone also has analgesic effect.
2. anti pathogenic microorganism effect: Jingjie decoction has strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and diphtheria bacilli in vitro test. . 50% Schizonepeta tenuifolia Decoction 0.1ml per chicken embryo had no inhibitory effect on influenza A virus PR8 strain.
3. hemostatic effect: the bleeding time of mice was measured by akohob's method, and the coagulation time was measured by rabbit hair capillary method. The hemostatic time of raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Schizonepeta charcoal was compared. The drugs were prepared and gavaged with normal saline, 2g/kg for rabbits and 5g/kg for mice, and normal saline was used as control. The results showed that raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia could not significantly shorten the bleeding time, while charcoal Schizonepeta tenuifolia could shorten the bleeding time by 72.6%; The coagulation time of raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia was shortened by 30%, while the charcoal of Schizonepeta tenuifolia was shortened by 77.7%, indicating that the charcoal of Schizonepeta tenuifolia had hemostatic effect.
4. other effects: Schizonepeta tenuifolia has weak inhibitory effect on cancer cells in vitro. Jingjie decoction can significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse auricle and the inflammation caused by acetic acid. It is also reported that the anti-inflammatory component of Schizonepeta tenuifolia is mainly 1-pimentone. Benzofurans, 3-octanol and b-pinene also have anti-inflammatory effects. The IC50 of the former for 3A hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is 8.1 μ g / ml.