Schizonepeta tenuifolia
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Schizonepeta tenuifolia       This product is the dry aboveground part of Schizonepeta tenuifolia briq., a Labiatae plant. In summer and autumn, the flowers are cut when they reach the top and the ears are green, and the impurities are removed and dried in the sun.
      ; It is light, brittle, and white in cross section. The leaves are opposite, most of them have fallen off, the leaves are 3-5 pinnately divided, and the lobes are slender. The spike shaped cymose is terminal, 2-9cm long and about 0.7cm in diameter. The Corolla is mostly shedding, the persistent calyx is bell shaped, the apex is 5-toothed, light brown or yellowish green, and is pubescent; Nutlets are brownish black. It is fragrant, slightly astringent and pungent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. . The glandular scale has 8 cells in the head, with a diameter of 96 ～ 112 μ m, and the stalk is single-cell, brown yellow. The glandular hair has 1-2 cells in the head and single cells in the stalk. The non glandular hairs are 1-6 cells, mostly with mural warts. The cell surface of exocarp was polygonal, the wall was sticky and liquefied, and the cell cavity contained brown matter; The cells are square or rectangular in cross-section, and the cell cavity is small. Endocarp stone cells are light brown, with deep wavy curved vertical walls and dense pits on the surface. The fiber diameter is 14-43 μ m, and the wall is straight or microwave like.
      (2) Take 0.8g of crude powder of this product, add 20ml of petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃), tightly plug, shake from time to time, place overnight, filter, volatilize the filtrate to 1ml as the test solution. Another 0.8g of Schizonepeta tenuifolia reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel h thin-layer plate, use n-hexane ethyl acetate (17:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 5% vanillin in 5% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 12.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 10.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] the volatile oil shall be determined according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
      .
      Menthol   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (80:20) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 252nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of menthone.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take a proper amount of peppermint ketone reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 10 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 2 screen), weigh accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 50KHz) for 20 minutes, filter, filter residue and filter paper add 10ml of methanol, sonicate once in the same way, filter, add methanol to wash twice, combine the filtrate and wash solution, transfer it to a 25ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and get it.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of peppermint ketone (C10H16O) shall not be less than 0.020%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, spray water, wash, moisten, bake at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, cut into sections, and dry.
      This product has irregular sections. The stem is square columnar, with yellowish green or purplish red surface, and is pubescent. The cut surface is off white. Many leaves have fallen off. Spicate cymes. .
      [content determination] the content of volatile oil in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.30% (ml/g), and that of peppermint ketone (C10H16O) shall not be less than 0.020%.
      [identification] the same as medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, mild. Return to lung and liver channels.
      [functions and indications] relieve external symptoms, dispel wind, penetrate rash, and eliminate sores. .
      [usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.


2、
The aerial part, spike and stem of Schizonepeta tenuifolia each contain 1.12%, 1.69% and 0.60% of volatile oil, the main components of which arePeppermint ketone（pulegone)， Menthone, isomenthone, and isopulegon; It also contains: 1-ethoxypentane, 3-methylcyclopentanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, Cymene, limonene, neomenthol,menthol （menthol)，L-menthol（L-Menthol），D-menthol（D-Menthol）， Piperitone, piperitenone, humulene, caryophyllene; The above ground volatile oil also contains β - pinene, 3,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, ethenyl dimethyl benzene,Cineole（cineole)， Carvone, dihydrocarvone, Verbenone [1]. Spikes contain monoterpenoids: schizoneptoside a, b[2], C, e[4], schizonol schizoneodiol [4]; Flavonoids:Geranyl lignin（diosmetin)，HesperidinHesperidin, hesperidin-7-o-rutinoside,Luteolin（luteolin)[4]，Apigenin-7-o-glucoside（apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside)， Luteolin-7-o-d-glucoside [3]; Phenolic acids:caffeic acid（caffeic acid)，Rosmarinic acid（rosmarinic acid)，methyl rosmarinate （Methyl rosmarinate)， Schizotenuin a[5], 1-carboxy-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl - (E) -3-[3-hydroxy-4-[(E) -1-carboxy-2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethoxy]propenoate][6], (E) -3-[3[1-hydroxybenzene-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethoxycarbonyl] - 7-hydroxy-2 - (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) benzofuran-5-yl] acrylic acid

3、 Pharmacological action of Schizonepeta tenuifolia
1. antipyretic and analgesic effects: use typhoid mixed vaccine to make rabbits fever, and give 2g/kg of Schizonepeta tenuifolia decoction or ethanol extract by gavage, which has only weak antipyretic effect. Jingjie decoction has antipyretic and analgesic effects. D-menthone in Schizonepeta tenuifolia is the main analgesic component, and 3-methylcyclohexanone also has analgesic effect.
2. anti pathogenic microorganism effect: Jingjie decoction has strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and diphtheria bacilli in vitro test. . 50% Schizonepeta tenuifolia Decoction 0.1ml per chicken embryo had no inhibitory effect on influenza A virus PR8 strain.
3. hemostatic effect: the bleeding time of mice was measured by akohob's method, and the coagulation time was measured by rabbit hair capillary method. The hemostatic time of raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Schizonepeta charcoal was compared. The drugs were prepared and gavaged with normal saline, 2g/kg for rabbits and 5g/kg for mice, and normal saline was used as control. The results showed that raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia could not significantly shorten the bleeding time, while charcoal Schizonepeta tenuifolia could shorten the bleeding time by 72.6%; The coagulation time of raw Schizonepeta tenuifolia was shortened by 30%, while the charcoal of Schizonepeta tenuifolia was shortened by 77.7%, indicating that the charcoal of Schizonepeta tenuifolia had hemostatic effect.
4. other effects: Schizonepeta tenuifolia has weak inhibitory effect on cancer cells in vitro. Jingjie decoction can significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse auricle and the inflammation caused by acetic acid. It is also reported that the anti-inflammatory component of Schizonepeta tenuifolia is mainly 1-pimentone. Benzofurans, 3-octanol and b-pinene also have anti-inflammatory effects. The IC50 of the former for 3A hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is 8.1 μ g / ml.