Psoralea corylifolia
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Psoralea corylifolia       . When the fruit is ripe in autumn, the inflorescence is harvested, dried in the sun, and the fruit is rubbed out to remove impurities.
      [character]   This product is kidney shaped, slightly flat, 3-5mm long, 2-4mm wide, and about 1.5mm thick. Its surface is black, dark brown or grayish brown, with subtle reticular wrinkles. The top is round and blunt, with a small protuberance, and there are fruit stem marks on the concave side. Hard quality. ; 1 seed, 2 cotyledons, yellow white, oily. It is fragrant, pungent and slightly bitter.
      [identification]   (1) The powder of this product is grayish yellow. There are longitudinal grooves on the lateral view of seed coat grid cells, and a brilliant band, which is located near the edge of the upper side. The top view is polygonal, the cell cavity is very small, the pore groove is thin, the bottom view is round polygonal, and the cell cavity contains reddish brown substances. The supporting cells are dumbbell shaped on the side and round like on the surface. . Calcium oxalate columnar crystals are fine and exist in mesocarp cells in sheets.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethyl acetate, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take psoralen reference substance and isopsoralen reference substance, and add ethyl acetate to make a mixed solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), absorb 2 ～ 4 μ l of each of the above two solutions, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use n-hexane ethyl acetate (4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, and inspect under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are two fluorescent spots at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check]   Impurities   Not more than 5% (general rule 2301).
      Moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 8.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 2.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (55:45) was used as mobile phase; .
      Preparation of reference solution   .
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add appropriate amount of methanol, heat and reflux for extraction for 2 hours, cool it, transfer it to a 100ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the continuous filtrate.
      ; Precisely suck 5-10 μ l of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      The total amount of psoralen (c11h6o3) and isopsoralen (c11h6o3) in this product shall not be less than 0.70% according to the dry product.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing]   ; Remove impurities.
      ; Total ash   Acid insoluble ash) [content determination]   Same as medicinal materials.
      Salt psoralen   Remove the Psoralea corylifolia and stir fry it according to the salt roasting method (general rule 0213) until slightly swollen.
      This product is shaped like psoralen. The surface is black or dark brown, slightly bulging. It smells slightly fragrant and tastes slightly salty.
      [check]   Moisture   No more than 7.5% of the same medicinal materials.  
      Total ash   No more than 8.5% for the same medicinal materials.
      ; Same as medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Bitter, bitter, warm. Return to kidney and spleen channels,.
      ; Warming the kidney to help Yang, absorbing Qi to relieve asthma, warming the spleen to stop diarrhea; For external use, it can eliminate wind and freckle. ; External use for vitiligo and alopecia areata.
      ; 6-10g. Apply 20% - 30% tincture externally to the affected area.
      [storage]   Place in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Psoralea corylifolia
Fruits and seeds contain coumarins, flavonoids, monoterpenoids and phenols, as well as volatile oils, soaps, polysaccharides, lipids and other components. Psoralen（psoralen），Isobergamot lactone（Isobergapten），Zanthoxylin,Psoralen（psoralidin）， Isopso ralidin, bakuchi CIN, psoralidin 2 ', 3' - epoxide, corylidin, bavacoumestan A and Sophora coumestan a, etc. Flavonoids include:Astragaloside（astragalin）。 Psoralen a（corylifolin）， Islbavachin,Psoralen dihydroflavone methyl ether(bavachinin) et al; Among chalcones, corylifolinin is isobavachalcone, vachalcone,Psoralen chalcone（bavachromene）， Neobavachalone, isonbaeobavachalone, bakuchalcone, bavachromanol, etc.;the main components of the compound are as follows: 1.The main components of the compound are as follows: 1.The main components of the compound are the compound of the compound of the compound of the two kinds of compounds, the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound of the compound; Isoflavones include:Psoralen（corylin），Neopsoralen isoflavone（neobavaisoflavone）， Corylinal, psoralenol, etc. Psoralen（bakuchiol）。 It also contains benzofuran derivatives: psoralen benzofuranol (corylifonol), isopsoralen benzofuranol (isocorylifenol). Also containsP-hydroxybenzoic acid（p-hydroxy-benzoic acid），StigmasterolStigmasterol, β - sitosterol-d-glucoside, TRIACONTANE, etc. It also contains lipid compounds, including triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, wax esters, hydrocarbons, polar lipids, etc; It also contains psoralen polysaccharide and a trypsin inhibitor with a relative molecular mass of 55000 and 12 amino acids; It also contains potassium, manganese, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, rubidium, strontium, selenium and other elements. Fatty acids in oil mainly includepalmitic acid（palmitic acid）， .

3、 Pharmacological effects of Psoralea corylifolia
1. effect on cardiovascular system:.
1.1. increase myocardial nutrient blood flow: make a compound of Psoralea corylifolia, Cynomorium songaricum, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Dipsacus, radix paeoniae rubra and other traditional Chinese medicines into a decoction and concentrate it into 3G (crude drug) / ml. 30 mice of 18-22g were used in the experiment, both male and female. They were randomly divided into control group, administration group I and II with 10 rats in each group. The administration group was gavaged at a dose of 120g/kg body weight. The control group was given the same volume of normal saline. At the dose of 0.1ml / kg body weight, rbcL solution (about 6.6-6.9 × 10? CPM / 0.1ml) was injected from the tail vein of mice 1.4 hours after administration. The injection was completed within 2 minutes, and the time was counted immediately. . The experimental results showed that compound Psoralea corylifolia granule could significantly increase the myocardial nutrient blood flow of mice by gavage for 1 hour (P < 0.01), but the increase of myocardial nutrient blood flow of mice had no statistical significance when the administration time was extended to 4 hours. The same method was used to determine the effect of compound Psoralea corylifolia Granule on myocardial nutrient blood flow in aged mice. The results showed that compound Psoralea corylifolia granule could significantly increase myocardial nutrient blood flow in aged mice (P < 0.001), and make the aged group close to the young group (P < 0.05).
1.2. protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia in mice caused by pituitrin: 30 mice weighing 18-22g, both male and female, were randomly divided into control group, pituitrin group and administration group with 10 mice in each group. After 2.5 hours of administration of 1G normal saline in the control group and the pituitary group, the pituitary group and the administration group were respectively injected with 1 μ g kg body weight of pituitrin by intraperitoneal injection. After 30 minutes, the myocardial nutrient blood flow of mice in each group was measured. The results showed that compound Psoralea corylifolia granule had a significant protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by Pituitrin in mice.
2. effect on respiratory system: the experiment shows that Psoralea corylifolia has a significant relaxation effect on tracheal contraction caused by histamine, and the effect is the strongest 15 minutes after dosing, but it is slightly inferior to aminophylline. The spasmolytic effect of the two groups is significantly different from that of the blank control group.
3. photosensitization:.
3.1. the inhibitory effect of psoralen plus black light therapy on common pathogenic fungi and bacteria in skin disease lesions: use 6mm diameter filter paper to drop the drug solution (containing psoralen 1.0mg / 2.0ml or isomeric psoralen 2.0mg / 2.0ml) 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0? g. Put it in 37 ℃ drying oven for 1 hour for standby. Saber's medium plate was used to inoculate fungi, and nutrient agar plate was used to inoculate bacteria. After that, the filter paper of different concentrations of drug solution was pasted on the platter of each strain. . After inoculation, the bacteria were placed in a 37 ℃ incubator for 1 hour, removed and illuminated for 10 minutes, and then incubated in an incubator for another 24 hours. In addition, the non medicated solvent light group and the medicated non light group were set up for observation for 1-7 days. The results showed that psoralen agents plus black light irradiation had different degrees of antibacterial effect on the bacteria. . In addition, the inhibition zone of Aspergillus is 8-15mm, that of broomcorn is 11-12, that of Mucor is 16-18, and that of Cephalosporium is 10-16. In addition, it was proved that there was no bacteriostatic effect in the groups of no light and no light.
3.2. antiproliferative effect of isopsoralen plus black light irradiation on skin graft rejection: healthy rabbits weighing 1.5-2.0kg at one and a half years old were selected, both male and female, and each pair of donor and recipient was of the same sex. They were divided into five groups: group I (control group): After skin transplantation, no medication, light; Group Ⅱ: the next day after transplantation, the patients began to take medicine and light; ; Group Ⅳ: started taking medicine the next day after transplantation without light; Group V: the next day after skin transplantation, the patients started to take light without taking medicine. Two 1.0cm2 skin patches were taken for skin transplantation, and were sewn at the recipient site of another rabbit, with a distance of 3.0cm. The grafted skin patches were exchanged between each group. The drug is isopsoralen capsules, each containing 2.0mg of isopsoralen. Each rabbit takes 1 capsule every night. Five 20W domestic black light tubes installed in a row were used for illumination, 5.0cm away from the transplantation area. Each rabbit was illuminated for 30 minutes 2h after taking the medicine, once a day. The survival time of transplanted skin is shown in Table 11, and the longest observation time is 45 days. Observation of transplanted skin: the skin in groups Ⅰ, Ⅳ and V was pale and soft 24-48h after transplantation; Red spots appeared on the 3rd day; After 4-5 days, part of the skin was dark purple and hardened; The edge has its own epidermal regeneration; In 7-9 days, 3 / 4 of the skin became dark and necrotic; The skin appeared below. After 5-7 days, the edge of the skin graft was sectioned, stained with he, and observed under the microscope, there was obvious peritubular lymphocyte infiltration in the dermis, congestion in small vessels, shedding of the lumen intima, thrombosis or necrosis. .
3.3. activating effect on tyrosinase: Psoralea corylifolia 95% ethanol extract has obvious activating effect on tyrosinase, which can increase the speed and quantity of melanin production. Psoralen and isopsoralen can also promote the synthesis of skin melanin and make it deposit in the subcutaneous.
4. effect on immune system:.
. The control group was given equal volume of normal saline. After 10 days, 1ml of blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats and injected into sterile heparin anticoagulant penicillin bottles. In the sterile room, the cellular immune function of rats in each group was determined according to the improved 3H TDR incorporation method. At the same time, the total number of white blood cells in rats was counted, and the classification percentage of white blood cells was counted by making blood tablets. The experiment proved that compound Psoralea corylifolia granule could significantly increase the percentage of white blood cells in rats (P < 0.02), reduce the percentage of neutral white blood cells, and thus significantly enhance the cellular immune function of rats (P < 0.01).
4.2. Kunming mice, weighing 18-22g, are used for both sexes. They were divided into four groups. The normal group was fed under the same conditions as the others, but did not use drugs. The other three groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1mg / g urethane to induce lung adenocarcinoma. The control group was injected with 0.2ml of normal saline intraperitoneally after 24 hours of carcinogen administration, five times every other week, and a total of 40 times in 16 weeks. ; Cyclophosphamide group was given 5 μ g (0.2ml) / 20g of cyclophosphamide each time. The times, time and route of administration were the same as those of the control group. Macrophage phagocytosis test and E rosette test were determined after 16 weeks. It shows that Psoralea corylifolia can significantly enhance the immune function of the body.
5. antitumor effect: in vitro, psoralen (250 μ g/ml) has a highly effective killing effect on mouse sarcoma cells. The mechanism is that psoralen forms complexes and molecular crosslinks with sarcoma cell DNA in the dark, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. After psoralen acted on human mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC-1 cells, most of the mitochondria in the cells were denatured, vacuolated, free ribosomes decreased, and free ribosomes decreased, showing nucleolysis.
6. anti fertility and estrogen like effects: intrauterine injection of 10mg isopsoralen or 0.00125-0.005ml psoralen into female mice has obvious anti early pregnancy effects, but psoralen has strong toxic reactions. Psoralea corylifolia powder has estrogen like effect, which can increase vaginal keratinization and enhance uterine weight.
7. anti aging effect: Psoralea corylifolia can significantly extend the larval stage and life span of silkworm in different degrees.
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9. other effects: Psoralea corylifolia decoction has killing effect on cysticercus cellulosae, and it can kill 88.0% of Cysticercus cellulosae at 40% concentration for 24 hours; it can kill 47.5% at 4% concentration. The 40% Psoralea corylifolia Decoction also had a strong killing effect on Trichomonas vaginalis, and the effect was stronger than that of rhubarb after 30 minutes in vitro. .