Polygonum multiflorum Thunb
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Polygonum multiflorum       This product is the dried root of Polygonum multijiorum thunb., a Polygonaceae plant. When the leaves wither in autumn and winter, they are dug, cut off both ends, washed, cut into large pieces, and dried.
      [character]   The product is massive or irregular spindle shaped, 6-15CM long and 4-12cm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown or reddish brown, wrinkled, shallow groove, and transverse lenticel like protrusions and fine root marks. It is light yellowish brown or light reddish brown in cross-section and is powdery. There are 4-11 round shaped vascular bundles in the skin, forming a brocade like pattern. The central wood is large, and some are wood core. It is slightly bitter and sweet and astringent.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the cork layer is a series of cells, filled with brown matter. The phloem is wide, with 4-11 quasi circular heterotypic vascular bundles scattered, which is outer tough type, and few vessels. The central cambium of the root forms a ring; Xylem vessels are less, surrounded by tracheids and a few wood fibers. .
      Powder yellowish brown. The starch granules are round in shape, with a diameter of 4-50 μ M. the umbilicus is herringbone shaped, star shaped or trigeminal, and the lamina is faintly visible in the large granules; Compound granules are composed of 2-9 fractions. The diameter of calcium oxalate cluster crystals is 10 ～ 80 (160) μ m, and the cluster crystals are occasionally combined with larger square crystals. Brown cells are round or oval in shape, with slightly thick walls, and their cavities are filled with light yellowish brown, brown or reddish brown substances and contain starch granules. The diameter of the duct with marginal pits ranged from 17 to 178 μ M. .
      (2) Take 0.25g of this product powder, add 50ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 3ml as the test solution. Another 0.25g of Polygonum multiflorum reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, respectively dot them on the same silica gel h thin-layer plate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the adhesive to form a strip, use trichloromethane methanol (7:3) as the developing agent, expand it to about 3.5cm, take it out, dry it, and then use trichloromethane methanol (20:1) as the developing agent, expand it to about 7cm, take it out, dry it, and put it under the ultraviolet light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check]   Moisture   Not more than 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] stilbene glycoside   Avoid light operation. Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile water (25:75) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 320nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the peak of 2,3,5,4 '- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o - β - D-glucoside.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of 2,3,5,4 '- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o - β - D-glucoside reference substance, accurately weigh it, add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.2g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of dilute ethanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with dilute ethanol, shake it well, stand still, filter the supernatant, and take the continued filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of 2,3,5,4 '- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o - β - D-glucoside (c20h22o9) shall not be less than 1.0%.
      ; Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (80:20); The detection wavelength is 254nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the emodin peak.
      Preparation of reference solution   .
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50ml of methanol densely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, take it out, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take 5ml of the continued filtrate as test solution a (for measuring free onion quinone). In addition, accurately measure 25ml of the continuation filtrate, place it in a corked conical flask, evaporate it in a water bath, precisely add 20ml of 8% hydrochloric acid solution, sonicate it (power 100W, frequency 40KHz) for 5 minutes, add 20ml of chloroform, heat it in a water bath and reflux it for 1 hour, take it out, cool it immediately, place it in a separatory funnel, wash the container with a small amount of chloroform, incorporate the washing solution into the separatory funnel, separate the chloroform solution, and then use chloroform to shake and extract it three times, 15ml each time, combine the chloroform solution, recover the solvent to dryness, add methanol to the residue to dissolve it, transfer it to a 10ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the cut, shake well, filter, take the continuation the filtrate is used as test solution B (for measuring Total Anthraquinone).
      ; Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the above two test solutions respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      Combined onion quinone content = total onion quinone content - free onion quinone content
        This product is calculated as dry product, and the content of bound scallion quinone shall not be less than 0.10% based on the total amount of emodin (c15h10o5) and emodin methyl ether (c16h12o5).
        Decoction pieces
      [processing]   Remove impurities, wash, soak slightly, moisten thoroughly, cut into thick pieces or pieces, and dry.
        This product is irregular thick piece or block. . The cut surface is light yellowish brown or light reddish brown, pink; In the cross section, brocade like patterns can be seen on some skin parts, the central wood part is larger, and some are wood cores. It is slightly bitter and sweet and astringent.
      [content determination]   The content of congcongcong quinone in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.05% based on the total amount of emodin (c15h10o5) and emodin methyl ether (c16h12o5).
      [identification] (except the cross section) [inspection] [content determination] (stilbene glycoside)     Same as medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   . Return to liver, heart and kidney channels.
      [function and indications]   Detoxify, eliminate carbuncle, cut malaria, moisten intestines and defecate. It is used for sores and carbuncle, scrofula, rubella and pruritus, prolonged malarial body deficiency, intestinal dryness and constipation.
      [usage and dosage]   3～6g。
      [storage]   Store in a dry place to prevent moths.


2、
The root tuber contains anthraquinones, mainlyEmodin（emodin),Chrysophanol(chrysophanol) as well asEmodin methyl ether（physcion），Rhein（rhein）， Chrysophanolanthone [1,2]. It also contains stilbene compounds:Resveratrol（resveratrol）， Piceid, 2,3,5,4 '- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o - β - d-glu-copyranoside, 2,3,5,4' - tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o - β - d-glu-copyranoside, 2,3,5,4 '- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o-glucoside-2 ″ - o-gallate alloylester), 2,3,5,4' - tetrahydroxystilbene-2-o-glucoside-3 ″ - o-gallate (2,3,5, 4’－tetrahydroxystilbene－2－O-β-D－glucopyrano-side-3″-monogalloylester)[4]。 gallic acid（gallicacid），Catechin（catechin），Epicatechin(epicatechin), 3-o-galloyl (-) - catechin [3-o-galloyl (-) - catechin], 3-o-galloyl (-) - epicatechin [3-o-galloyl (-) - epicatechin], 3-o-galloyl-procyanidin B-2, 3,3 '- di-o-galloyl-procyanidin b-2[4], andβ - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）[2]，

3、 Pharmacological effects of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb
1. effect on central nervous system
2. reduce blood lipids and anti arteriosclerosis
3. effect on hematopoietic system
4. impact on immune function
5. effects on metabolism
6. anti aging
7. anti blood aggregation