Phyllanthus emblica L
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Phyllanthus emblica L       This product is a traditional Tibetan medicine. It is the dried and mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L., a Euphorbiaceae plant. .
      [character]   The product is spherical or oblate, with a diameter of 1.2 ~ 2cm. The surface is brown or dark green, with light yellow granular protrusions, wrinkles and inconspicuous 6-sided, and the fruit stem is about 1mm long. The exocarp is 1 ~ 4mm thick, hard and brittle. The endocarp is yellowish white, hard core like, with a slightly 6-sided surface, several veins on the upper part of the dorsal suture, which can be split into 6 petals after drying, and the seeds are 6, nearly triangular, brown. It is slightly sour and sweet.
      [identification]   (1) The powder of this product is light brown yellow. Epicarp epidermal cells were irregular polygonal or square like, with thick walls. The palisade cells of seed coat are polygonal in surface view, rectangular in cross section view, closely arranged, 53-96 μ m in diameter, extremely thick in wall, fine and dense in pore groove, and obvious in cell cavity. The fibers are scattered individually or in groups, long strip-shaped, 12-29 μ m in diameter, with blunt ends, thick and lignified walls, and some cell cavities contain yellowish brown substances. The stone cells are round triangular or irregular in shape, 17-75 μ m in diameter, with thick walls and obvious pore grooves. The diameter of calcium oxalate cluster crystals is 7 ～ 66 μ m, and calcium oxalate square crystals can be seen.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 20ml of water to dissolve the residue, add 30ml of ethyl acetate to shake for extraction, take ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 0.5g of Phyllanthus emblica reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check]   Moisture   Not more than 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract]   It shall be determined according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), and shall not be less than 30.0%.
      [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (5:95); The detection wavelength was 273nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the gallic acid peak.
      Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of gallic acid reference, weigh accurately, add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 25 μ g per 1ml.
      .
      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ 1 of the reference solution and 5 ～ 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of gallic acid (C7H6O5) shall not be less than 1.2%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Sweet, sour, astringent, cool. Return to lung and stomach channels.
      ; It can clear away heat and cool blood, eliminate food and strengthen stomach, generate saliva and stop cough. For blood heat and blood stasis, indigestion, abdominal distension, cough, sore throat, dry mouth.
      [usage and setting]   3～9g， Take more pills in powder.
      [storage]   Store in a cool and dry place.


2、
Fruits contain tannins, including glucogallin,gallic acid（gallic acid）， Ellagicacid,Corilagin（corilagin）， ,Terminalia chebula biphenic acid（chebulagic acid），Chebulic acid（chebulinic acid），Terminalia chebula acid（chebulic acid）， 3,6-digalloylglucose, dried fruit containingMucinic acid（mucic acid）4％-9％。 Pericarp containsgallic acid, phyllemblicacid, emblicol. ,palmitic acid（palmiticacid）3.0％，Myristic acid(myristicacid) 1%, etc.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Phyllanthus emblica L
1. effect on cardiovascular system: the alcohol extract of this product (1g / kg orally for 2 consecutive days) can resist myocardial necrosis in rats caused by isoproterenol (85mg / kg intraperitoneally for 2 days); It can also increase myocardial glycogen level and produce obvious changes in serum lipids and acids. Compared with the control group, LG / kg of this product can significantly reduce the serum cholesterol content (P < 0.001), coronary artery cholesterol content (P < 0.001) and liver cholesterol content (P < 0.001), but it does not affect the agglutination and dissolution time of euglobulin, the viscosity of blood platelets or the level of serum triglyceride. It is presumed that its effect is not only due to the presence of vitamin C, but also due to other components.

2. other effects: the extract of this product can resist the mutagenic effect of environmental chemical factors on mammalian cells, and is stronger than the same dose of vitamin C. The concentration of 1-10% of the extract of this product has a protective effect on chromosome aberrations caused by 810rx line irradiation. The medicine is effective before and after irradiation, and its protective effect may be vitamin C, gallic acid, reducing sugar, tannin, etc., which have antioxidant effect.