Radix Paeoniae Alba
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Radix Paeoniae Alba       This product is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora pall., a Ranunculaceae plant. Excavate in summer and autumn, wash, remove the head and tail and fine roots, boil in boiling water, remove the skin or peel, then boil and dry.
      [properties] this product is cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, with flat ends, 5-18cm long and 1-2.5cm in diameter. Its surface is white or light brownish red, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles and fine root marks, and occasionally has residual tan skin. It is solid, not easy to break, with relatively flat cross-section, quasi white or slightly brownish red, obvious cambium ring, and radial rays. It is slightly bitter and sour.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish white. There are many agglomerates of gelatinized starch granules. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are 11-35 µ m in diameter and exist in parenchymal cells, often arranged in rows, or one cell contains several cluster crystals. The diameter of the marginal pitted duct and reticulated duct is 20-65 µ M. the fiber is long fusiform, with a diameter of 15-40 µ m, thick wall, slightly lignified, and large circular pits.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml of ethanol, shake for 5 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Take another paeoniflorin reference substance and add ethanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 µ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform ethyl acetate methanol formic acid (40:5:10:0.2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heat it until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same blue purple spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
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      The total ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
      Heavy metals and harmful elements shall be determined according to the determination method of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper (general rule 2321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and lead shall not exceed 5mg/kg; Cadmium shall not exceed 0.3mg/kg; Arsenic shall not exceed 2mg/kg; Mercury shall not exceed 0.2mg/kg; .
      The sulfur dioxide residue shall be determined according to the sulfur dioxide residue determination method (general rule 2331) and shall not exceed 400mg/kg.
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 22.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (14:86); The detection wavelength was 230nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 based on the peak of paeoniflorin.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of paeoniflorin reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 60 µ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   .
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 µ l of the control solution and 10 µ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the dry product, the paeoniflorin (c23h28o11) content of this product shall not be less than 1.6%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] wash, moisten, slice and dry the white peony.
      This product is shaped like a round thin sheet. The surface is light brownish red or off white, smooth. The cut surface is quasi white or slightly brownish red, the cambium ring is obvious, and slightly uplifted tendon veins can be seen in a radial arrangement. It is slightly bitter and sour.
      [content determination] the content of paeoniflorin (c23h28o11) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.2%.
      [identification], [inspection] (moisture, total ash, sulfur dioxide residue) [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      Stir fried white peony   .
      This product is shaped like white peony tablets, and its surface is yellowish or light brownish yellow, and some can see focal spots. .
      [inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
      [content determination] the content of paeoniflorin (c23h28o11) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.2%.
      [identification] [inspection] (total ash sulfur dioxide residue) [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      Wine white peony   Take jingbaishao tablets and stir fry them according to the wine roasting method (general rule 0213) until they are yellowish.
      This product is shaped like white peony tablets, and its surface is yellowish or light brownish yellow, with some visible focal spots. .
      [extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 20.5%.
      [content determination] the content of paeoniflorin (c23h28o11) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.2%.
      [identification] [inspection] (moisture   Total ash   .
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sour and slightly cold. Return to the liver and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] it can nourish blood and regulate menstruation, restrain Yin and stop sweating, soften liver and relieve pain, and stabilize liver yang. It is used for blood deficiency, maladjusted menstruation, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, flank pain, abdominal pain, limb contracture pain, headache and dizziness.
      [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 15g.
      [note] it should not be used with resveratrol.
      [storage] store in a dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Radix Paeoniae Alba
Root containsPaeoniflorin(paeoniflorin),Oxidized paeoniflorin(oxy-paeoniflorin),Benzoyl paeoniflorin(benzoylpaooniflorin),Paeoniflorin(albi-florin),Paeoniflorin without ketone(paeoniflorigenone),Galloyl paeoniflorinGalloylpaeoniflorin, z-1s, 5R - β - pinen-10-yl - β - vicianoside, lacioflorin,Paeoniflorin a、paeonilactoneB、paeonilactoneC，β - sitosterol(β-siiosierol)，Carotene(daucos-terol)。 1,2,3,6-tetra-o-galloyl - β - D-glucose was also isolated from the tannins of roots,1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose(1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl - β - D-glucose) and the corresponding hexagalloylglucose and heptaglucose. Also containsCatechin(catechin) and volatile oil. The volatile oil mainly containsBenzoic acid(benzoicacid),Paeonol.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Radix Paeoniae Alba
1. central inhibitory effect Radix Paeoniae Alba has obvious analgesic effect
2. antispasmodic effect peony or paeoniflorin have inhibitory or antispasmodic effects on smooth muscle
3. anti inflammatory and anti ulcer effects peony or paeoniflorin has weak anti-inflammatory effects, and has different degrees of inhibitory effects on yeast, carrageenan and dextran induced paw swelling. It has synergistic effects when combined with licorice ingredient fm100, and also has weak inhibitory effects on peritoneal capillary permeability.
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5. effects on cardiovascular system and anti hypoxia effects peony and paeoniflorin can dilate blood vessels and increase organ blood flow.
6. impact on blood system
7. antibacterial effect the antibacterial effect of Paeonia lactiflora pall is strong, and the antibacterial spectrum is broad
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9. anti mutagenic and anti-tumor effects Paeonia lactiflora extract can interfere with the enzymatic activity of S9 mixture, and can inactivate the metabolites of benzowang (BAP) to inhibit the mutagenic effect of BaP.
10. other effects paeoniflorin ketone 0.04%, a component of Paeonia lactiflora, has a depolarizing inhibitory effect on the neuromuscular junction of the phrenic nerve diaphragm in mice.