Atractylodes macrocephala
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Atractylodes macrocephala       . In winter, when the lower leaves are withered and yellow, and the upper leaves become brittle, excavate, remove the sediment, dry or sun dry, and then remove the fibrous roots.
      [properties] this product is an irregular hypertrophic mass, 3-13cm long and 1.5-7cm in diameter. Its surface is grayish yellow or grayish brown, with nodular protrusions and intermittent longitudinal wrinkles and grooves, and fibrous root marks, with residual stem base and bud marks on the top. The texture is hard and not easy to break, the section is not flat, yellowish white to light brown, with scattered brownish yellow punctate oil chambers; The section of the dryer is horny, with dark color or cracks. .
      . Calcium oxalate needle crystals are fine, 10-32 µ m long, and exist in parenchyma cells. A few needle crystals have a diameter of 4 µ M. the fibers are yellow, mostly in bundles, long fusiform, with a diameter of about 40 µ m, very thick walls, lignified, and obvious pore grooves. . The vessel elements are short, reticulated and marginally pitted, with a diameter of 48 µ M.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 2ml of n-hexane, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Another 0.5g of Atractylodes macrocephala reference medicinal material was taken and made into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, there should be spots of the same color at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material, and there should be a peach red main spot (atractylodone).
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   .
      Sulfur dioxide residue   According to the determination method of sulfur dioxide residue (general rule 2331), it shall not exceed 400mg/kg.
      Chroma   Take 1g of the coarsest powder of the product, weigh it accurately, put it into a corked conical flask, add 200ml of 55% ethanol, adjust the pH value to 2-3 with dilute hydrochloric acid, shake it continuously for 1 hour, filter it, suck 10ml of filtrate, put it into a colorimetric tube, test according to the solution color inspection method (method 1 of general rule 0901), and compare it with the Yellow No. 9 standard colorimetric solution, it shall not be deeper.
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 60% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 35.0%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] Atractylodes macrocephala remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
        This product is irregular thick film. The outer skin is grayish yellow or grayish brown. The cut surface is yellowish white to light brown, scattered brownish yellow punctate oil chambers, and the wood has radial texture; The cut surface of the dryer is horny, with dark color or cracks. .
      [identification] (except for fine powder), [inspection], [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      Stir fried Atractylodes macrocephala with bran   Sprinkle the honey baked bran into the hot pot, add white wood chips when smoking, fry until it is yellowish brown and gives off the burnt aroma, take it out, and sift the honey baked bran.
      For each 100kg of Atractylodes macrocephala tablets, 10kg of bran was baked with honey.
      . Slightly burnt aroma.
      [check] chroma   The same medicinal material shall not be deeper than the Yellow No. 10 colorimetric solution.
      [identification] (except for fine powder), [inspection] (moisture, total ash, sulfur dioxide residue), [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sweet and warm. Return to spleen and stomach meridian.
      . It is used for eating less due to spleen deficiency, abdominal distension and diarrhea, phlegm, dizziness and palpitation, edema, spontaneous sweating, and restless fetal movement.
      [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Atractylodes macrocephala
The rhizome contains volatile oil, containing α - and β - humulene, β - elemol, α - curcumene,Atractylone,β - eucalyptol（β-eudesmol），palmitic acid（palmiticacid）[1]，AtractylolHinesol), β -selinene [2], etc. It also contains sesquiterpene lactone compounds:Atractylenolide Ⅰ、AtractylodeⅡ、AtractylodeⅢAnd 8 β - ethoxyatractylenolide - Ⅱ [3]. It also contains polyynes: 14-acetyl-12-senecioyl-8-cis atractylentriol, 14-acetyl-12-senecioyl-8-trans atractylentriol, 12-senecioyl-2e, 8Z, 10e atractylentriol etylentriol), 12-senecioyl-2e, 8e, 10e atractylentriol [3], 12 α - methylbutyryl-14-acetyl-8-cis atractylentriol (12 α - methylbutyryl-14-acetyl-2e, 8Z, 10e atractylentriol), 12 α - methylbutyryl-14-acetyl-8-trans atractylentriol (12 α - methylbutyryl-14-acetyl-2e, 8e, 10e atractylentriol), 14 α - methylbutyryl-8-cis atractylentriol (14 α - methylbutyryl-2e, 8Z, 10e-atractylentriol), 14 α - methylbutyryl-8-trans atractylentriol (14 α -methylbutyryl-2e, 8e, 10e atractylentriol) [4]. In additionScopoletin Pavilion（scopoletin)[3]， Fructose, inulin [5], the immunoactive mannan am-3[6], andL-aspartic acid （L-asparticacid），l-serine （L-serine）， Glutamicid,L-alanine（L-alanine），glycine（glycine），L-valine （L-valine），L-isoleucine（L-isoleucine），l-leucine （L-leucine），l-tyrosine （L-tyro-sine），L-phenylalanine（L-phenylalanine），L-lysine（L-lysine），l-his （L-histi-sine），L-arginine（L-arginine），L-Proline .

3、 Pharmacological effects of Atractylodes macrocephala
1. diuretic effect
2. hypoglycemic effect
3. strong effect
4. anticoagulant effect
5. effect on cardiovascular system
6. anti tumor effect
7. effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle
8. antibacterial effect
9. promote hematopoiesis
10. promote protein synthesis