Melon seed gold
1、 Gold pharmacopoeia standard of melon seeds       . When the flowers bloom at the end of spring, they are dug to remove the sediment and dried in the sun.
      [properties] the root of this product is cylindrical, slightly curved, with a diameter of 4mm; the surface is yellowish brown, with longitudinal wrinkles; It is hard, and the cross section is yellowish white. The stem is less branched, 10 ～ 30cm long, light brown, and fine pilose. The leaves are alternate, oval or oval lanceolate after flattening, 1-3cm long and 0.5-lcm wide; ; Petiole short, pilose. Racemes axillary, the uppermost inflorescence below the top of the stem; Butterfly shaped. The capsule is round and flat, about 5mm in diameter, with membranous broad wings at the edge, glabrous, and persistent sepals. Seeds oblate ovate, brown, densely pilose. The breath is weak, the taste is weak and hard.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is grayish green. The surface of leaf epidermal cells was polygonal, and the vertical wall was slightly thickened or slightly beaded; It has fine horny texture and irregular pores. Non glandular hairs are single-cell, of different lengths, and more curved. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are 12-40 µ m in diameter and have blunt edges and corners. The pollen grains are pale yellow, oval or spherical, with a diameter of 32-56 µ m, and there are strip-shaped carvings arranged in meridians on the surface.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 20ml of 70% methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of 70% methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of melon seed gold reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of ginsenoside hexane from melon seeds and add 70% methanol to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 3 µ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the upper solution of n-butanol acetic acid water (4:1:5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. .
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 9.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 6.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; Acetonitrile water (30:70) was used as the mobile phase; the evaporative light scattering detector was used for detection. The theoretical number of plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of ginsenoside hexane in melon seeds.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of the reference substance of ginsenoside hexane from melon seeds, accurately weigh it, add 70% methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it precisely, place it in a corked conical flask, add 10ml of 70% methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 25kHz) for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 70% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      Assay   Accurately suck 10 µ L and 20 µ l of the reference solution respectively, inject 5-10 µ l of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph, determine, and calculate with the external standard two-point method logarithmic equation.
      According to the calculation of dried products, the content of ginsenoside hexane (c53h86o23) in melon seeds shall not be less than 0.60%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten slightly until soft, cut into sections, and dry.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and peaceful. .
      [functions and indications] dispel phlegm and cough, promote blood circulation and reduce swelling, detoxify and relieve pain. For cough, phlegm, sore throat; External treatment for injuries such as bruises, boils and boils, snake and insect bites.
      [usage and dosage] 15 ～ 30g.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of gold from melon seeds
. The aerial part contains polygalasaponin aSaponin from melon seedsB、Saponin from melon seedsCSaponin from melon seedsDing and polygalasaponini XIX.

The leaves contain kaempferol-3-o-6 ″ -o- (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl) glucoside [kaempferol-3-o-6 "" - (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl) gluco sod],Astragaloside（astragalin）， Kaempferol 3 - (6 "- acetyl) glucoside, kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside.

3、 Pharmacological effects of gold from melon seeds
. The hemolysis of roots is equivalent to that of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygala tenuifolia).