Beidougen
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Rhizoma Menispermi       This product is the dried rhizome of Menispermum dauricum dc. Excavate in spring and autumn, remove fibrous roots and sediment, and dry.
      [properties] this product is slender cylindrical, curved, branched, up to 50cm long, 0.3 ~ 0.8cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown to dark brown, with many curved fine roots, and prominent root marks and longitudinal wrinkles can be seen, and the skin is easy to peel off. It is tough, not easy to break, with irregular section, thin fiber, light yellow wood, arranged radially, and medullary center. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: 1 column of epidermal cells, covered with brownish yellow stratum corneum, and cork layer is a series of cells. The cortex is wide, and stone cells are scattered in the old rhizome. The fibers of the columella are arranged in a crescent shape. . The interfascicular cambium is not obvious. Xylem is composed of vessels, tracheids, wood fibers and wood parenchyma cells, all of which are lignified. There is a bull in the center. Parenchyma cells contain starch granules and fine calcium oxalate crystals.
      The powder is light brown yellow. The stone cells are scattered, light yellow, branched or irregular, with a diameter of 43-147 μ m (200 μ m) and a large lumen. The sheath fibers of the middle column are mostly in bundles, light yellow, with a diameter of 18-34 μ m, and often separated. The wood fibers are in bundles, with a diameter of 10-26 μ m, and the walls are provided with twill holes or cross holes. . Calcium oxalate crystals are fine. The diameter of single starch granule was 3 ～ 12 μ M; The compound granules are divided into 2-8 fractions.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 15ml of ethyl acetate, 0.5ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 1ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference medicinal material of Rhizoma Menispermi and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol concentrated ammonia test solution (9:1:1 drop) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [inspection] impurities shall not exceed 5% (general rule 2301).
      The moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 2.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 13.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% triethylamine solution (45:55); The detection wavelength was 284nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 6000 according to the Dauricine peak.
      Preparation of reference solution take a proper amount of Dauricine and Dauricine reference substance dried by silica gel G under reduced pressure for more than 18 hours, weigh accurately, put it into a brown volumetric flask, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 20 μ g Dauricine and 35 μ g Dauricine per 1ml, and then get it (this product is newly prepared before use, and stored away from light).
      Preparation of test solution take about 0.2g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh, sonicate (power 140W, frequency 42khz) for 30 minutes, take out, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      Calculated as a dry product, the total amount of Dauricine (c37h42n2o6) and Dauricine (c38h44n2o6) contained in this product shall not be less than 0.60%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
      This product is irregular round thick film. . The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (except for the cross section) [inspection] (except for impurities) [extract] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [content determination] the total amount of Dauricine (c37h42n2o6) and Dauricine (c38h44n2o6) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.45%,
      ; There is little poison. Return to lung, stomach and large intestine.
      [functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, dispel wind and relieve pain. It is used for sore throat, diarrhea due to heat toxin and rheumatism.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g,
      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Sophora tonkinensis
Rhizome containsDauricine(dauricine)，6-norkaempferine(daurinoline)， 6 '- dauricinoline,Magnoliane(magnoflorine)，Sinomenine(sinomenine)， Meni sperine, 6,6'daricoline, acutu mine, n-acuturnidine, bianfugcine, bianfugine, bianfugene, cheilanthiforine, stephanine, stepholidine, menisporine, 7' - nordauricine dau risoline, 7,7 '- didecarciline, Dauriporphinoline. The leaves contain acutumine.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Rhizoma Menispermi
1. Antitumor effect a variety of alkaloids contained in Sophora tonkinensis have inhibitory effects on mouse sarcoma S180, sarcoma S37, mouse cervical cancer U14, Yoshida sarcoma, and ascitic liver cancer. In addition, Oxymatrine has selective killing effect on tumor oxygen cells. 2. Effects on cardiovascular system

The total alkaloids of Sophora tonkinensis have antihypertensive effect, which may be related to its vasodilatory effect. The total alkaloids of Sophora tonkinensis could also significantly increase the coronary flow of isolated guinea pig hearts. The intensity of action is not related to the enhancement of myocardial contractility, but a direct coronary expansion effect.

3. Effect on immune function

The intraperitoneal injection of Radix Sophorae can significantly inhibit the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in mice.

4. Effects on the central nervous system

Radix sophorae can inhibit the spontaneous activity of mice, antagonize the excitatory effect of amphetamine, and strengthen the inhibitory effect of sodium pentobarbital, sodium thiopental and chloral hydrate on the central nervous system.

5. Anti ulcer effect.

In addition, Rhizoma Menispermi can be used for the treatment of psoriasis, that is, psoriasis. Its heat clearing, detoxification, and wind dispelling effects have a good therapeutic effect on blood hot wind dry psoriasis. [2]