Cimicifuga
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Cimicifuga       This product is the dried rhizome of the Ranunculaceae plant Cimicifuga heracleifolia kom., Cimicifuga dahurica (turcz.) maxim., or Cimicifuga foetida L. Excavate in autumn, remove the sediment, and when the fibrous roots are dry, burn or remove the fibrous roots, and then dry them.
      [properties] this product is irregular long block, multi branched, nodular, 10 ~ 20cm long, 2 ~ 4cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown or tan, rough and uneven, with hard fine fibrous roots remaining, several round hollow stem base marks on it, and the inner wall of the hole shows reticular grooves; The lower part is uneven with fibrous root marks. . It is slightly bitter and astringent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. Metazoan cortical cells are yellowish brown and appear polygonal on the surface. Some of them are thickened like tumors in the vertical and horizontal walls and protrude into the cell cavity. . Phloem fibers are scattered or in bundles, in a long spindle shape, with obvious pores and grooves.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 50ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take ferulic acid reference substance and isoferulic acid reference substance, and add ethanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml each as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use benzene trichloromethane glacial acetic acid (6:1:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      ; Not more than 5% (general rule 2301).
      Moisture   Not more than 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 8.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 4.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 17.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; ; The detection wavelength was 316nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the peak of isoferulic acid.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of isoferulic acid reference substance, accurately weigh it, put it into a brown measuring flask, add 10% ethanol to make a solution containing 20 μ g of isoferulic acid per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 2 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of 10% ethanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, heat and reflux for 2.5 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 10% ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of isoferulic acid (c10h10o4) shall not be less than 0.10%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, soak slightly, wash, moisten thoroughly, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
      . It belongs to lung, spleen, stomach and large intestine.
      . For wind heat headache, toothache, aphthous ulcer, sore throat, measles impervious, Yang toxic hair spots, anal prolapse, uterine prolapse.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
      .
 

2、
Xingan Cimicifuga rhizome containsFerulic acid（ferulicacid），Isoferulic acid（isoferulicacid），caffeic acid(caffeicacid), [e]-3- (3'- methyl-2'- butenylidene) - 2-indolinone [[e]-3- (3'-methyl-2'-butenylidene) - 2-indolinone], [z]-3- (3'- methyl-2'- butenylidene) - 2-indolinone, cimifugin,Amelogenin（visnagin）， Norvisnagin, visamminol, cimicilen, 12 hydroxycimigenolarabinoside andβ - sitosterol（β-sitosterol），Cimicifuga epoxide alcohol（cimigenol）， Cimigenylxyloside, dahurinol is a glucoside of aglycone, and also containsCimicifugin（cimigenylxyloside）， Dahurinol is a glucoside of aglycone and also containsCimicifugin（cimicifugoside）， Shengmanolxyloside, acetyl shengmanolxyloside, 24 acetyl hydroshengmanolxyloside, and it is believed that the fresh rhizome of Xing'an Cimicifuga does not contain Cimicifuga epoxide xyloside, 25-o-acetyl and 25-o-methyl shengmanolxyloside, which are artificial crops produced in the process of separating components.

3、 Pharmacological action of Cimicifuga
. The water extract (1:4) of its variant cimicifugafoetidal.var.simplexhuth. has different degrees of inhibition on dermatophytes such as Xanthomonas schrenckii in vitro.

2. anti inflammatory effect: North cohosh has anti-inflammatory effect on rat foot swelling caused by carrageenan or dextran, and tends to reduce the area of hilar ulcer caused by lactic acid or acetic acid.

3. effect on circulatory system: Cimicifuga water extract injected into animals can reduce blood pressure, inhibit myocardium and slow down heart rate.

4. Xing'an Cimicifuga has sedative effect on the central nervous system of animals; It can reduce blood pressure and strengthen the heartbeat amplitude without affecting its rhythm; Relaxation of small intestinal smooth muscle; It can be used in patients with mild hypertension to reduce blood pressure and improve symptoms. It can also enhance the secretion of glands in the bronchus and digestive tract. .

5. antipyretic effect: 1-2g/kg of North cohosh extract by gavage can reduce the normal temperature of rats, and has antipyretic effect on fever caused by typhoid and paratyphoid mixed vaccines.

6. analgesic effect: 1g/kg or 5g/kg of Cimicifuga extract can significantly inhibit the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice, but it does not show analgesic effect on tail pressure stimulation.

7. effect on smooth muscle: animal experiments show that Cimicifuga can inhibit the isolated intestinal segment and pregnant uterus, while it has an excitatory effect on nonpregnant uterus and bladder. Dentamol has a certain effect on intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine chloride, histamine hydrochloride or barium chloride, and the effect of dentamol is weaker than that of dentamol.

8. other effects: the alcohol extract of cohosh can inhibit the convulsion in mice caused by camphor or strychnine, and has antibacterial and inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer cell line jtc-26. In addition, it can elevate white blood cells and inhibit the aggregation and release of platelets.