Orange blossom
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Huajuhong       This product is the immature or nearly mature dried outer peel of Citrus grandis' tomentosa 'or citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, a Rutaceae plant. The former is known as "maojuhong", while the latter is known as "Guangqi claw" and "Guangwu claw". Harvest the immature fruit in summer, put it in boiling water and heat it slightly, cut the peel into 5 or 7 pieces, remove the pulp and part of the mesocarp, press it into shape, and dry it.
      . The intact one has a diameter of 15 ～ 28cm and a thickness of 0.2 ～ 0.5cnu after flattening. The outer surface is yellowish green, densely covered with fluffy hairs, wrinkles and small oil chambers; The inner surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown, with choroid lines. It is brittle, easy to break, and has an irregular section. There is a row of irregular concave oil chambers on the outer edge, and the inner side is slightly soft and elastic. It is fragrant, bitter and pungent.
      ; The outer surface is yellowish green to yellowish brown, hairless.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is dark green to brown. Mesocarp parenchyma cells are irregular in shape, with uneven thickening of the wall, and some are beaded or extremely thick at the corners. The pericarp epidermal cells are polygonal, square like or rectangular on the surface, with thickened vertical walls, round stomata, 18-31 μ m in diameter, and 5-7 accessory guard cells. The outer cuticle is seen on the side, and the radial wall near the outer side is thickened. Broken non glandular hairs are occasionally seen, with up to a dozen broken segment cells, the widest part of which is about 33 μ m in diameter, with mural warts or smooth outer walls, rough inner walls, and pale yellow or brown granules in the lumen. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in sheets or rows in mesocarp parenchyma cells, which are polyhedral, rhombic, prismatic, rectangular or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 1-32 μ m and a length of 5-40 μ M. Conduits are threaded and chequered. .
      (2) . In addition, take naringin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same high-efficiency silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate acetone glacial acetic acid water (8:4:0.3:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 5% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, heat it at 105 ℃ for 1 minute, and put it under the ultraviolet light (365mn) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 11.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   .
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 283nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 1000 according to the naringin peak.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of naringin reference substance, weigh it accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 60 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (through No. 2 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol precisely, weigh it, heat it in a water bath and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, use methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 5ml of continuous filtrate, place it in a 50ml measuring flask, add 50% methanol to the scale, shake it well, and then get it.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      The content of naringin (c27h32o14) in this product shall not be less than 3.5% according to the dry product.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, shred or block, and dry in the sun.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and warm. Return to the lung and spleen meridians.
      . It is used for coughing, phlegm, food accumulation, alcohol injury, nausea, and stuffiness.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.
 


2、 Chemical constituents of Citrus sinensis
The exocarp of pomelo contains volatile oil, and the main component is citral,geraniol（geraniol），Linalool（linalool）， . It is also reported that the volatile oil mainly contains limonene and a-pinene. It is also said that the volatile oil still contains caryophylleneoxide, linaloolmonoxide, cis-3-hexenol, cadnene, dipentene, etc. It also contains flavonoids:Naringin（naringin），Neohesperidin（neohesperidin），poncirin （poncirin），tangeritin （tan-geretin），Nobiletin（nobiletin）， 5,7,4 '- trimethoxyflavone, 5,6,7,3', 4 '- pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7,8,3,4' - pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7,8,3,4 '- pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7,8,3,4' - pentamethoxyflavone, 5,7,8,4 '- tetramethoxyflavone, etc. Also containsStachydrine（stachydrine）， ,Lycopene（lycopene），glycineGlycine, β - sitosterol - β - D-glucoside, nonacosane, etc. It also contains protein, fat, sugars, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, C, niacin, calcium and phosphorus.

3、 Pharmacology of Huajuhong
1. anti inflammatory effect: naringin injected intraperitoneally into mice at a dose of 100mg/kg can reduce formaldehyde induced foot and ankle edema, but it has no effect on inflammation caused by serotonin; Naringin, 50-250mg/kg intravenously, can inhibit the capillary permeability enhancement induced by intravenous injection of kallidine in rats. Naringin has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

2. other effects: naringin (2g/kg diet) and thrombogenic feed can prolong the survival time of rats, reduce platelet aggregation and accelerate blood flow.