1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Aristolochia manshuriensis
Akebia fordii
Chuanmutong
CLEMATIDIS ARMANDII CAULIS
Chuanmutong
CLEMATIDIS ARMANDII CAULIS
This product is the dried stem of Clematis armandii franch. or Clematis Montana buch.-ham., a Ranunculaceae plant. Harvest in spring and autumn, remove the coarse skin and dry it in the sun, or cut thin slices while fresh and dry it in the sun.
; The nodes are mostly swollen, with leaf marks and lateral branch marks. The remaining skin is easy to tear. It is hard and not easy to break. The slice is 2-4mm thick, with irregular edges, the remaining skin is yellowish brown, the wood is light yellowish brown or light yellow, with yellowish white radial texture and cracks, filled with duct holes, the pulp is small, white or yellowish brown, and occasionally empty. The air is weak and the taste is light.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish white to yellowish brown. There are many fibers, the wood fibers are long fusiform, the ends are narrow, the diameter is 17 ～ 43 μ m, the wall is thick, lignified, and the wall pores are obvious; . The ducts were marginal pit ducts and reticulate ducts with a diameter of 39-190 μ M. The stone cells are oblong, fusiform or triangular in shape, with thick and lignified walls and obvious pore grooves and pits.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 25ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 15 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, make them into strips, use petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - ethyl formate formic acid (6:2:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% ethyl sulfate solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots develop clearly, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of fermentable extract (general rule 2201), 75% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 4.0%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] for those not sliced, slightly bubble, moisten thoroughly, cut thick pieces, and dry.
This product is a kind of round thick film. The cut edge is irregular, the remaining skin is yellowish brown, the wood is light yellowish brown or light yellow, with yellowish white radial texture and cracks, densely covered with fine porous ducts, the pulp is small, quasi white or yellowish brown, and there are occasional cavities. The air is weak and the taste is light.
[identification], [inspection], [extract] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. .
[functions and indications] diuresis and gonorrhea, heart clearing and trouble removing, menstruation and lactation. It is used for gonorrhea, edema, upset and red urine, sore mouth and tongue, less menstruation and breast closure, and damp heat arthralgia.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture.
; The nodes are mostly swollen, with leaf marks and lateral branch marks. The remaining skin is easy to tear. It is hard and not easy to break. The slice is 2-4mm thick, with irregular edges, the remaining skin is yellowish brown, the wood is light yellowish brown or light yellow, with yellowish white radial texture and cracks, filled with duct holes, the pulp is small, white or yellowish brown, and occasionally empty. The air is weak and the taste is light.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish white to yellowish brown. There are many fibers, the wood fibers are long fusiform, the ends are narrow, the diameter is 17 ～ 43 μ m, the wall is thick, lignified, and the wall pores are obvious; . The ducts were marginal pit ducts and reticulate ducts with a diameter of 39-190 μ M. The stone cells are oblong, fusiform or triangular in shape, with thick and lignified walls and obvious pore grooves and pits.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 25ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 15 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, make them into strips, use petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - ethyl formate formic acid (6:2:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% ethyl sulfate solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots develop clearly, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of fermentable extract (general rule 2201), 75% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 4.0%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] for those not sliced, slightly bubble, moisten thoroughly, cut thick pieces, and dry.
This product is a kind of round thick film. The cut edge is irregular, the remaining skin is yellowish brown, the wood is light yellowish brown or light yellow, with yellowish white radial texture and cracks, densely covered with fine porous ducts, the pulp is small, quasi white or yellowish brown, and there are occasional cavities. The air is weak and the taste is light.
[identification], [inspection], [extract] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. .
[functions and indications] diuresis and gonorrhea, heart clearing and trouble removing, menstruation and lactation. It is used for gonorrhea, edema, upset and red urine, sore mouth and tongue, less menstruation and breast closure, and damp heat arthralgia.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture.
2、 Chemical constituents of Aristolochia manshuriensis
Hydrangea vine leaves containoleanolic acid Oleanoicacid is a aglycone of clemontanoside A and B, and also contains friedein,β - geraniol（β-amyrin），β - sitosterolβ - sitosterol, β - sitosterol - β - D-glucoside, n-pentaccosane, n-octacosanol.
It is also reported that Hydrangea also contains hexasaccharide saponins and trisaccharide saponins with hederagenin as aglycone.
3、 Pharmacological effects of Akebia manshuriensis
1. after fasting for 15h, Ig 4ml/100g of 5% glucose normal saline, 2g/100g of chuanmutong and 25mg/100g of hydrochlorothiazide with different drugs respectively. After compressing the lower abdomen, the remaining urine in the bladder was sprinkled out, and the urine was collected in the metabolic cage for 24 hours, and the average urination percentage of each group was calculated. The results showed that chuanmutong had significant diuretic effect, which was similar to that of hydrochlorothiazide, but there was no significant difference in diuretic effect between them.
. Four healthy rabbits (both male and female) of 1.8-2.5kg were anesthetized with 30% urethane at 2.5-3ml/kg, IV. 5% glucose normal saline was instilled into the ear marginal vein at a constant rate. The urine was collected by bladder cannula and administered after the urine was basically stable. According to the Latin square design, they were divided into four groups: Akebia bungeana, Akebia manshuriensis, Akebia chuanensis and control. Three drugs and distilled water were given to the same rabbit according to the Latin square design. The dose was 1g/kg. The control group was given the same volume of distilled water, and the urine volume was recorded 1 hour after administration. The water extract and alcohol precipitation agent IV of Akebia chuanmutong, Akebia baimutong and Akebia Guanmutong had significant diuretic effect on rabbits, and there was no significant difference among the three. . While increasing urine output, the excretion of potassium, sodium and chlorine also increased significantly.
3. effect of ash content of Akebia manshuriensis on urine output. .