Achyranthes bidentata
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Achyranthes bidentata       This product is the dried root of Cyathula officinalis Kuan, an amaranth plant. .
      [properties] this product is nearly cylindrical, slightly twisted, slightly thin downward or has a few branches, 30 ~ 60cm long and 0.5 ~ 3cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown or grayish brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, root marks and most transverse lenticel like protrusions. Tough, not easy to break, light yellow or brownish yellow section, vascular bundle punctate, arranged in several concentric rings. It is light and sweet.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: cork cell sequence. The inner layer of the bolt is narrow. The middle column is large, and the outer part of the triple vascular bundle is ductile, which is intermittently arranged in 4-11 rounds, and the intrafascicular cambium of the inner vascular bundle is visible; Xylem vessels are mostly single, often radially arranged and lignified; Wood fibers are relatively developed, and some extend tangentially or are intermittently connected into rings. The vascular system of the central secondary structure is often divided into 2-9 strands, and sparse distribution of vessels can be seen in the center of some roots. Parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate sand crystals and square crystals.
      Powder brown. Calcium oxalate sand crystals and square crystals are scattered or filled in parenchyma cells. The diameter of the vessels with marginal pits is 10 ～ 80 μ m, and the pits are round or elongated laterally in an oblong shape, arranged in close rows, and the ends of some duct molecules are fusiform. The fiber is long strip-shaped, curved, tapered at the end, with a diameter of 8-25 μ m and a wall thickness of 3-5 μ M. the pits are single twill pits or herringbone shaped, and marginal pits can also be seen. The pits are crossed into a cross shape, and the hole groove is obvious, with different density.
      (2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 50ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, concentrate the filtrate to about 1ml, add it to a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 2G, inner diameter of 1cm), elute with 40ml of methanol ethyl acetate (1:1), collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 2G of Achyranthes bidentata reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of amaranthone and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5-10 μ l of the test solution, 5 μ l of the control medicinal material solution and 5 μ l of the control solution, respectively, and dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop them with chloroform methanol (10:1), take them out, dry them, spray 10% ethanol sulfate solution, heat them at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and check them under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 16.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Cut the product into particles with a diameter of less than 3mm, and check according to law, which shall not exceed 8.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] take particles with a diameter of less than 3mm, and determine them according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), which shall not be less than 65.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   ; Use methanol as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution according to the following table; The detection wavelength was 243nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of amaranthone.
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      Time (min) mobile phase a (%) mobile phase B (%)
    --------------------------------------
    0~5        10           90
    5~15       10→37       90→63
    15~30      37           63
    30~31      37→100      63→0
    --------------------------------------
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of amaranthone reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 25 μ g per 1ml.
      ; Take about LG of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 20ml of methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      Assay   .
      According to the calculation of dried product, the content of cupressosterone (c29h44o8) shall not be less than 0.030%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] Achyranthes bidentata is used to remove impurities and reed heads, wash, moisten, slice, and dry.
      This product is round or oval thin. The skin is yellowish brown or grayish brown. The cut surface is light yellow to brownish yellow. . It is light and sweet.
      [inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 12.0%.
      [extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 60.0%.
      [identification] (except the cross-sectional surface) [inspection] (total ash) [content determination] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      .
      This product is shaped like Achyranthes bidentata tablet, and its surface is brownish black. It has slight wine aroma and sweet taste.
      [inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 12.0%.
      [extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 60.0%.
      [identification] (except the cross-sectional surface) [inspection] (total ash) [content determination] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly bitter, and flat. Return to liver and kidney channels.
      [functions and indications] expel blood stasis and dredge meridians, dredge joints, diuresis and gonorrhea. It is used for menorrhagia and scrofula, retention of the body coat, falling and flapping injury, rheumatism and arthralgia, foot flaccidity and tendon contracture, blood in urine and blood drenching.
      .
      [note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place and keep away from moisture.

2、 Chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentata
Root containsβ - ecdysterone（β－ecdysterone），Cupressosterone，Procalcanthone，25s Achyranthes bidentata sterone，25R Achyranthes bidentata steroneAnd trace element titanium (TI) (12.5 μ g/g), etc.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Achyranthes bidentata
1. protein assimilation. . At the same time, enhanced protein synthesis was also seen in the kidney, but returned to the original level after 4 hours. Cupressosterone also has a similar effect. When given to mice daily for only 5mcg, obvious effect can be seen without any toxic reaction.

2. anti fertility effect. The three extracts of this product, namely benzene extract (a), ethyl acetate extract (b) and alcohol extract (c), have anti fertility and anti implantation effects on mice. (A) 250mg/kg dose has obvious anti fertility effect on female rats, with an effective rate of 100%, (b) the effective rate of 250mg/kg is 63.7%, while the effective rate of 500mg/kg dose is more than 90%, and (c) the anti fertility effect of 500mg/kg is 40-54%. The anti implantation experiment showed that the effective rate of a500mg/kg was 100%, that of b500mg/kg was 66.7%, and that of c500mg/kg was 40%, among which the effect of a was the most significant.

3. other functions. The cup amaranth sterone contained in this product has estrogenic activity. In immature rats, pol0 or 500mg/ (kg · d) for 3 days increases the weight of uterus, but has little effect on the weight of ovary. The flow extract has a relaxing effect on the uterus of nonpregnant cats. But it has a strong contractile effect on the pregnant uterus.