Fritillaria thunbergii
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fritillaria thunbergii       This product is the dried tuber of Bolbostemma paniculatum (maxim.) Franquet, a Cucurbitaceae plant. Excavate in autumn, wash, boil, boil until there is no white heart, take out, and dry in the sun.
      . The surface is light reddish brown or dark brown, uneven. It is hard, not easy to break, with horny section, slight air and bitter taste.
      . In addition, take the reference substance of tubeimoside A and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform ethyl acetate methanol formic acid water (12:3:8:2:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray acetic anhydride sulfuric acid ethanol (1:1:10) mixed solution, heat at 110 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 17.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (65:35) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 214nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 1500 according to the peak of tubeimoside a.
      Preparation of reference solution take appropriate amount of tubeimoside a reference, weigh accurately, and add mobile phase to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution take about 0.3g of powder (passing through No. 4 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 50ml of 70% ethanol, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 50KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use 70% ethanol to make up for the weight lost, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 25ml of the continuous filtrate, steam it in a water bath until it has no alcohol taste, add 10ml of water, transfer it to a separatory funnel, shake it with saturated n-butanol for four times (20ml, 20ml, 10ml, 10ml), combine the n-butanol solution, evaporate it to dryness, and dissolve the residue with methanol transfer to a 5ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of tubeimoside a (c63h98o29) shall not be less than 1.0%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, slightly cold. Return to the lung and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] detoxify, disperse and reduce swelling. It is used for breast carbuncle, scrofula and sputum core.
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2、
    Bulb contains triterpene saponins:Tubeimoside Ⅰ、TubeimosideⅡ、TubeimosideⅢ、TubeimosideⅣ、Tubeimoside. It also contains △ 7,16,25, (16) - stigmasterol trienol (△ 7,16,25, (26) - (stigmastatrienol), maltol ([5], maltose), sucrose (sucrose) [6]

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fritillaria thunbergii
1. anti tumor effect
      1.1 the crude powder of Fritillaria thunbergii is cold soaked with chloroform, filtered, and the residue is cold soaked with 75% ethanol. The ethanol extract is extracted with ethyl acetate after recovering ethanol. The extracted mother liquor is extracted with n-butanol. After extraction, the mother liquor is placed at room temperature for 1wk, and white substances are separated out. After filtration, white powder is obtained. After silica gel chromatography, it is eluted with chloroform methanol water (70:35:10) to obtain C, DC crystals) and E, respectively. After inoculation with -180 in mice, the tumor inhibition test was conducted. IP administration, mother liquor (7.5mg/kg) and white powder (2.5mg/kg) crystalline D (2.5mg/kg) after n-butanol extraction had obvious pain inhibition effect, and the tumor inhibition rate was > 30%, P < 0.001. Crystal D has a significant effect on the survival time of tumor bearing mice; Healthy mice weighing 18-24g were inoculated intraperitoneally with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or S-180. 24 hours after inoculation, the treatment group was treated with IM crystalline D normal saline solution, once a day until the mice began to die, and the control group was given normal saline.

      1.2 inhibitory effect of Fritillaria thunbergii Decoction on cervical cancer in mice the tumor research group of Shanxi Medical College improved the improved Murphy's method to establish a mouse cervical cancer model. Screening of Fritillaria thunbergii et al. Fritillaria thunbergii Decoction (1:1 concentration) was administered at a dose of 100mgg for 15wk. 15 mice in the Fritillaria thunbergii treatment group were sacrificed after the experiment. Eight tumors were visible to the naked eye, located in the cervix. Microscopic examination: eight were cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and the rest were not seen. The cancer induction rate was 53%, and the survival rate was 75%. Compared with the control group, the difference was significant (the cancer induction rate of the control group was 85%). It is suggested that the water decoction of Fritillaria thunbergii not only has a certain inhibitory rate on the treatment of cervical cancer in mice, but also can improve its survival rate.

      1.3 effect of Fritillaria thunbergii Decoction on mouse anterior gastric squamous cell carcinoma Fritillaria thunbergii can promote mouse anterior gastric squamous cell carcinoma. The variety of Fritillaria thunbergii was identified by Shanxi Institute for drug control. The preparation was water decoction, equivalent to 2G of crude drug per LML. The cancer induction method of female mice was to use sarcosine ethyl ester hydrochloride 2g/kg and sodium nitrite 0.3g/kg, respectively, with 0.01mol/l hydrochloric acid to prepare 20% and 3% aqueous solutions, and the same amount of mixed Ig was administered, twice a week, a total of 10 times; The control group of Fritillaria thunbergii was given 50mg/kg of ig4 times a week for 20 times. The treatment group of Fritillaria thunbergii was given 50mg/kg of ig4 times a week for 20 times after 10 times of carcinogens. The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatment group of Fritillaria thunbergii and the cancer group and the control group of Fritillaria thunbergii by x2 test. According to the experimental results, the water decoction of Fritillaria thunbergii not only has no inhibitory effect on mouse precancerous squamous cell carcinoma, but also may have cancer promoting effect. The experiment was repeated twice with the same results. In contrast to other reports with anti-tumor effects, different dosage forms may have different effects on solid tumors and induced tumors.

      1.4 tubeimoside a also has a certain inhibitory effect on animal tumors.

. The saponins were dissolved and diluted into different concentrations (10-7-10-1mg/ml), and the herpes simplex virus I (HSV-I) tcld50 was diluted 10-1 before being hit. Each different concentration of drug solution was mixed with 0.5ml of diluted virus, and then incubated at 37 ℃ for 1H. Each dilution was inoculated with three tubes of suckling rabbit kidney cells, adsorbed for 30min, added maintenance solution to 1ml, and cultured in a 36 ℃ incubator. The three materials were provided with control tubes. Results when the diluted concentration of tubeimoside was 10-4/10-5 (i.e. 0.1ug), it still had inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type I. There was no inhibitory activity below the concentration of 10-6, and the cytotoxicity was greater above the concentration of 10-3.

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4. spermicidal effect the total saponins of Fritillaria thunbergii and its components a and D prepared by the pharmaceutical factory of the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University have strong spermicidal effect. The effective concentrations of its instant spermicidal effect are 0.04%, 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively. Its spermicidal mechanism is mainly to destroy the biological membrane system of sperm. The results of measuring the changes of single sperm acrosin with the fixed gelatin substrate film method show that the three components can significantly reduce the activity of single sperm acrosin at the concentration of 0.05%. And the motility of the inactive spermatozoa could not recover after washing the liquid with normal saline, indicating that the damage effect is irreversible.

5. other effects this product has been used as an antidote for mastitis and snakebite. Tubeimoside a, B and C have solubilizing and inclusion effects, and can increase the solubility of lipid soluble pigment yellowob, racemic-a-tocopherol and Sapindus saponin A in water; Tubeimoside a can also increase the intensity of aniline tea sulfonate fluorescein in water, which may be due to the formation of complex inclusion.