Tulip
1、       This product is the dried root of Inula helenium L., a composite plant. Excavate in autumn, remove sediment and dry in the sun.
      [properties] this product is conical, slightly curved, 5-20cm long. The surface is yellowish brown or dark brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and fibrous root marks. The root head is thick, with concave stem marks and leaf sheath residues at the top, and cylindrical branched roots around it. It is hard, not easy to break, with slightly flat section, yellowish white to light grayish yellow, and concave oil chamber. .
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the cork layer is a series of cork cells. Phloem is broad. The cambium ring is not obvious. Xylem ray width 6-25 rows of cells; The ducts are few, single or several groups, radially arranged; A few wood fibers exist in bundles around the vessels in the center of xylem. . The oil chambers were distributed in phloem and xylem, with a diameter of 80-300 μ M.
      . Inulin is numerous, colorless and in irregular fragments. The diameter of reticulated duct is 30 ～ 100 μ M. Cork cells were polygonal and yellowish brown. The wood fiber is long fusiform, with inclined ends and twill holes.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 4ml of methanol, stopper, shake, place for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 0.5g of Tuxiang reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the aucklandin reference substance and isoaucklandin reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 2mg per 1ml each, as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), pipette 5 μ l of each of the above three solutions, respectively, onto the same silica gel G thin-layer plate prepared with 0.25% silver nitrate solution, use petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - toluene ethyl acetate (10:1:1) as the developing agent, place it in a dark place below 10 ℃ for twice, take it out, dry it, spray 5% anisaldehyde sulfuric acid solution, heat it until the spots are clear. .
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      The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 30% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 55.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to gas chromatography (general rule 0521).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20M) capillary column (column length: 30m, inner diameter: 0.25mm, membrane thickness: 0.25 μ m); Programmed temperature rise: the initial temperature is 190 ℃, maintained for 30 minutes, and the temperature rises to 240 ℃ at the rate of 120 ℃ per minute, maintained for 5 minutes; The temperature of the injection port was 260 ℃; The detector temperature was 280 ℃. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 13000 according to the peak of daphnetin.
      Preparation of reference solution take appropriate amount of aucklandin reference substance and isoaucklandin reference substance, weigh accurately, and add ethyl acetate to make a mixed solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
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      Decoction pieces
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      This product is shaped like a round or irregular piece. The skin is yellowish brown to dark brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and grooves. The cut surface is grayish brown to dark brown, with radial texture, scattered brown oil spots, and brown ring in the middle. .
      [identification] (except for the transverse section), [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and warm. Return to the liver and spleen meridians.
      [functions and indications] invigorate the spleen and stomach, promote qi and relieve pain, and soothe the fetus. For chest and flank pain, abdominal distension, vomiting diarrhea, chest and flank contusion, Chagas pain, fetal restlessness.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g, take duoru pill powder.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Daphne odora
      The content of inulin is about 44%, and the content of Yafa oil is 1% - 2%. The main component of the oil isCumin lactone（alantolactone），Isosorbide（isoalantolactone）， Dihydroisoalanto lactone, alanticacid, alantol [1, 2] and triterpenoid components dammaradienylacetate [3], germacrene-d-lactone and 1-deoxy-8-epi-ivangustin [4].

3、
1. deworming effect. Tulip lactone and its derivatives isosorbide and dioxisosorbide contained in tulip volatile oil are soluble in alcohol but insoluble in water. They taste bitter and have many side effects (vomiting). Their chemical structure is similar to that of shandaonian. They have effects on Ascaris lumbricoides of pigs and cats.

2. antibacterial effect. According to the in vitro test, tulip lactone can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the concentration of 0.1 μ g/ml.

3. other effects genistein at low concentrations excites, while at higher concentrations inhibits isolated frog hearts and stops the heart in diastole. For frog hind limb perfusion and rabbit ear vascular perfusion, it has a slight dilation effect at low concentration and contraction at high concentration. When rabbits are injected with a small amount intravenously, the blood pressure increases slightly at first, then decreases slowly, and when a large amount is injected, it is hypotension and respiratory depression at the beginning. It can inhibit the isolated rabbit intestine and reduce the excessive motility and secretion function of the small intestine; It also has an inhibitory effect on the uterus of retired rabbits, but it can have an exciting effect on the uterus at very low concentrations, and has a paralyzing effect on the skeletal muscle and motor nerve endings of frogs, shortening the fatigue curve.