Smilax glabra
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Smilax glabra       This product is the dried rhizome of Smilax glabra roxb., a Liliaceae plant. Excavate in summer and autumn, remove fibrous roots, wash and dry; Or cut into thin slices while fresh and dry.
      [properties] this product is slightly cylindrical, slightly flat or irregular, with nodular bulges, short branches, 5-22cm long and 2-5cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown or grayish brown, uneven, with hard fibrous root residues, round bud marks on the top of branches, irregular cracks on some skin, and residual scale leaves. It is hard. ; The cut surface is white to reddish brown, powdery, and punctate vascular bundles and most small bright spots can be seen; It is slightly tough, with dust flying when it is broken, and it feels sticky and slippery when it is wet with water. The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet and astringent.
      . There are many starch grains, single grain spherical, polygonal or square, with a diameter of 8-48 μ m, umbilical point crack, star, trigeminal or punctate, and large grains can be seen with laminations; Compound granules are composed of 2-4 fractions. Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles exist in or scattered in mucus cells. The needle crystal is 40-144 μ m long and about 5 μ m in diameter. The stone cells are oval, square or triangular in shape, with a diameter of 25-128 μ m and fine pores and grooves; In addition, dark brown stone cells are long strip-shaped with a diameter of about 50 μ M. the walls are extremely thick on three sides and thin on one side. The fibers are in bundles or scattered, with a diameter of 22-67 μ M. The vessels and tracheids with marginal pits are common, and most of the marginal pits extend laterally.
      (2) Take LG of the product powder, add 20ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, take astilbin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (13:32:9) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum trichloride test solution, place it for 5 minutes, and inspect it under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 15.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution (39:61); The detection wavelength was 291nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the astilbin peak.
      Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of astilbin reference, weigh accurately, add 60% methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution take about 0.8g of powder (passing through No. 2 screen), weigh accurately, place in a round bottom flask, add 100ml of 60% methanol precisely, weigh, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of astilbin (c21h22o11) shall not be less than 0.45%
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] for those who are not sliced, soak, wash, moisten, slice, and dry.
      The product is oblong or irregular flakes with irregular edges. The cut surface is yellowish white or reddish brown, powdery, punctate vascular bundles and most small bright spots can be seen; It feels sticky and slippery after wetting with water. The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet and astringent.
      .
      [identification], [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, light and flat. Return to liver and stomach channels.
      [functions and indications] detoxify, dehumidify, and unblock joints. For limb contracture and muscle pain caused by syphilis and mercury poisoning; .
      [usage and dosage] 15 ～ 60g.
      .

2、 Chemical constituents of Smilax glabra
    Rhizome containsAstilbin（astilbin），Lycium barbarum glycoside(engeletin), 3-o-caffeoylshikimic acid,Shikimic acid（shikimic acid），Ferulic acid（ferulic acid），β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）， Glucose.

3、
1. anti tumor effect
  1.1 effects on chemical carcinogenesis of rat bladder experimental animal female Wistar rats, weighing 70-110g, carcinogen n-j-based-n (4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), the BBN stock solution was prepared into a 36% solution with 20% ethanol during the experiment. Normal control group: under light anesthesia with ether, 0.25ml of solvent (20% ethanol) was used for transcatheter Ig, twice a week, for 12wk. Pathological control group: 36% BBN solution 0.25ml (90mg) Ig, twice a week, for 12wk, with a total BBN dose of 2.16G per mouse. Soil poria cocos group: BBN treatment was the same as the pathological control group, and the diet containing 120g of soil Poria cocos dry powder per LKG was fed. At the end of the wk30 experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, kidney, liver and spleen were taken for histological examination. The results showed that Smilax glabra group had no obvious inhibitory effect on the occurrence of BBN bladder tumor, and more squamous cell tumors occurred, so we should be cautious when using this product to prevent and treat bladder tumor.

  1.2 effects on aflatoxin B1 induced liver cancer in rats Wistar rats were selected, aged 8 wk, and ipafb1 (280ug/kg, 6 times /wkx2) was used as liver cancer initiating agent. After 2wk, the tumor promoting procedure was applied: the rats were fed with 0.015% 2-acetamidofluorene (2AAF) for 2wk, and the middle lobe and left lateral lobe of the liver were excised at the end of WKl. . Rats were fed a diet containing test substance from 10d before AFB1 injection to 3D after AFB1 withdrawal. The results showed that the foci of r-GT staining positive hepatocytes in precancerous lesions of rats were also slightly less in the Smilax glabra group (377.7g/kg in the feed), which was significantly smaller than that in the control group. It is suggested that Smilax glabra has certain practical value in preventing liver cancer.

2. for the detoxification of gossypol, water decoction of Smilax glabra (dose: 1g and 0.5g of crude drugs per mouse per day), dilute alcohol preparation of Smilax glabra (dose: 1g and 2G of crude drugs), crude flavonoids of Smilax glabra (dose: 50mg and 100mg), polysaccharides of Smilax glabra (dose: 0.5ml and 1.0ml), ferrous sulfate (dose: 8mg) were used. After three days of treatment, each group had IGL of sub pure gossypol 650mg/kg, 850mg/kg and 100mg/kg, respectively, to observe the detoxification effect. The results showed that water decoction of Smilax glabra, dilute alcohol preparation and crude flavone could antagonize acute and subacute gossypol poisoning (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). In general, ferrous sulfate can be used to antagonize gossypol poisoning, but it can affect the sperm inhibition effect. .