Thousand gold
1、       This product is the dried and mature seed of Euphorbia lathyris L., a Euphorbiaceae plant. The fruits are harvested when they are ripe in summer and autumn, and the impurities are removed and dried.
      . There is a longitudinal furrow shaped seed ridge on one side, with a protruding chalaza at the top and a linear seed hilum at the lower end, and a kind of white protruding seed caruncle or a detached scar at the base. The seed coat is thin and brittle, and the seed kernel is white or yellowish white, rich in oil. The breath is slight and the taste is pungent.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: seed coat epidermal cells are wavy toothed, the outer wall is thick, and the cells contain Brown substances; The lower part is composed of 1-3 rows of parenchyma cells; The inner epidermis is a row of square grid like cells, and the inner side and inner wall of its lateral wall are significantly thickened. . The ectosperm is a series of square parenchyma cells; Endosperm cells are round like; Cotyledon cells are square or rectangular and contain silt particles.
      (2) Take 2G of this product powder, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add 80ml of petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃), heat and reflux for 30 minutes, filter, discard the petroleum ether liquid, add 80ml of ethanol to the drug residue, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 10ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of the test solution and 1 μ l of the control solution, respectively dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (5:4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the UV light (365nm).
      In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same bright blue fluorescent spots appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [content determination] take about 3G of fatty oil, weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add 100ml of ether, heat and reflux for 8 hours until the fatty oil is extracted, collect the extract, put it in an evaporating dish that has been dried to constant weight, evaporate it at low temperature on a water bath, dry it at 100 ℃ for 1 hour, move it into a dryer, cool it for 30 minutes, weigh it accurately, and calculate.
      The fatty oil content of this product shall not be less than 35.0%.
      Stephensterol was determined by HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test dimethyl octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was hexane ethyl acetate acetonitrile (87.5:10:2.5); The detection wavelength was 275nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of chrysosterol.
      Preparation of the reference solution take the euphorbiacol reference substance Shitong, weigh accurately, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 50 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution take the product, break it, grind it into fine pieces, take about 0.2g, weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml ethyl acetate precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 25kHz) for 20 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use ethyl acetate to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 ～ 20 μ l of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      This product contains not less than 0.35% of clenbuterol (c32h40o8).
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, screen out sediment, wash, fish out, dry, and smash when used.
      [character], [identification], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm; Toxic. It belongs to liver, kidney and large intestine.
      [function and indications] purgative and expel water, break blood and eliminate symptoms; Topical treatment of ringworm and warts. It is used for constipation, edema, phlegm, stagnation and fullness, blood stasis and amenorrhea; External treatment of stubborn ringworm and warts.
      [usage and dosage] 1 ～ 2G, shelled, degreased, and taken in pill powder. Apply appropriate amount externally, mash and apply to the affected area.
      [note] it is forbidden for pregnant women. Avoid poisoning.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of semen euphorbiae
    The seeds contain 48% - 50% fatty oil, and the oil contains a variety of fatty acids, mainly OLEICACID 89.2%,palmitic acid（palmiticacid）5.5％， Linoleic acid 0.4%, Linolenicacid 0.3%, etc. the oil also containsCampesterol（campesterol），Stigmasterol（stigmasterol），β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）， △ 7-stigmasterol, 6,20-epoxy-stephanol-5,15-diacetate-3-phenylacetate L1（6，20-epoxylathyrol-5，15-diacetate-3-phenylacetate，EsterL1）， It was once named EU phorbiasteroid, ingenol-20-he-xadecanoate, 7-hydroxy-stephanol-diacetate-dibenzoate, esterl2, 1-h-3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14-hepta-3-tetradecanoate (ingenol-1-h-3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14-hepta-dehydro-3-tetradecanoate), 3,15-diacetate-5-benzoate (ester L3), 3,15-diacetate-5-nicotinate (ester L8), Euphorbia grandiflora terpenol-3-palmitate, ester L5, 17 hydroxy Euphorbia officinalis-15, 17-dihydrojolkinol-15, 17-diacetate-3-o-cinnamate (esterl7a), 17-hydroxy-isostephaniol-5, 15, 17-tri-o-acetic acid-3-o-benzoate (ester L7a) L7b（17-hydroxyisolathyrol-5，15，17-tri-O-acetate-3-O-benzoate，EsterL7b）， 7-hydroxythymol-5, 15-diacetate-13-benzoic acid-7-nicotinate, namely ester L9 (7-hydroxythymol-5, 15-diac-etate-3-benzoate-7-nicotinate, Esterl9) and hentriacontane, etc.

Seeds also containDaphnetin（daphnetin）， Esculetin, euphorbetin and isoeuphorbetin.

 

3、 Pharmacological effects of semen euphorbiae
1. diarrhea causing seeds contain fixed oil, which is colorless and tasteless when fresh; . Goats also contain this toxic substance in their milk after eating this plant.
2. anti tumor effect according to the preliminary screening test (methylene blue method, warber respirometer), the fresh grass has inhibitory effect on leukocytes of acute lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and emergency monocytic leukemia. E.amygdaloides, a plant of the same genus, contains podophyllin, which has anti-tumor effect, but is more toxic.
3. antibacterial effect daphnetin contained in this product can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4. anti inflammatory and analgesic effects daphnetin has analgesic effect, and its therapeutic index is 20.9, while phosphate codeine is 24.7. Daphnetin is slightly lower, but it is relatively safe.
5. effects on urine output and uric acid excretion aescin given to rats and rabbits in various ways can enhance uric acid excretion. It has also been reported to have a significant diuretic effect on mice.
6. other effects aescin has the effects of anti hemagglutination and inhibiting aldose reductase in rat lens.