1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Senecio scandens
Senecio scandens
Qianliguang
SENECIONIS SCANDENTIS HEBRA
Qianliguang
SENECIONIS SCANDENTIS HEBRA
. Harvest all year round, remove impurities and dry in the shade.
[character] the stem of this product is thin cylindrical, slightly curved, with branches on the upper part; The surface is grayish green, yellowish brown or purplish brown, longitudinally ribbed, and densely gray white pilose. The leaves are alternate, mostly shrunk and broken, and the complete leaves are oval lanceolate or long triangular after flattening, sometimes with 1-6 side lobes, with irregular serrations on the edge, halberd or truncate base, and fine pilose on both sides. ; Involucre bell shaped; The flowers are yellow to brown, and the crown hair is white. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[identification] (1) leaf surface view: the vertical circumferential wall of upper epidermal cells is microwave shaped or wavy curved; The shape of the lower epidermal cells is irregular, and the vertical circumferential wall is deeply wavy. Stomatal indefinite form or inequality, 3-6 accessory satellite cells. The non glandular hairs are 2-12 cells, and the apical cells are gradually pointed or blunt, and are mostly curved. The cells often contain yellowish oil, with slightly thickened walls and warty protrusions.
(2) Take 2G of the product powder, add 50ml of 0.36% hydrochloric acid in absolute ethanol, place for 1 hour, heat and reflux for 3 hours, cool, filter, take 40ml of the continuous filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add 25ml of 2% hydrochloric acid solution to the residue to dissolve, filter, add concentrated ammonia test solution to the filtrate to adjust the pH value to 10 ～ 11, shake and extract twice with dichloromethane, 25ml each time, combine the dichloromethane solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of dichloromethane to the residue to dissolve, and use it as the test solution. Take another 2G of Senecio scandens reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use isopropyl ether formic acid water (90:7:3) as the developing agent, pre saturate the thin-layer plate in the developing cylinder for 40 minutes, develop, take out, air dry, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 14.0% (the second method of general rule 0832
.
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 2.0% (general rule 2302).
Adonifrine was determined by HPLC-MS (general rule 0512 and general rule 0431).
Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions and system suitability tests octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid solution (7:93); A single-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect ions with a mass to charge ratio (m/z) of 366 in the positive ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 8000 according to the adonifrin base peak.
Determination of correction factor take an appropriate amount of monocrotaline reference substance, accurately weigh it, add 0.5% formic acid solution to make a solution containing 0.2 μ g per 1ml as the internal standard solution. Take an appropriate amount of adonifrine reference substance, weigh it accurately, add 0.5% formic acid solution to make a solution containing 0.1 μ g per 1ml as the reference substance solution. Accurately measure 2ml of the reference solution, place it in a 5ml measuring flask, precisely add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add 0.5% formic acid solution to the scale, shake well, pipette 2 μ L, inject it into the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, and calculate the correction factor.
Determination method take about 0.2g of the product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 50ml of 0.5% formic acid solution, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 40 minutes, cool it, then weigh it, use 0.5% formic acid solution to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 2ml of the continuous filtrate, place it in a 5ml measuring flask, precisely add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add 0.5% formic acid solution to the scale, shake it well, suck 2 μ L, inject it into a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, and determine it.
This product is calculated as a dry product, containing adonifrine (c18H23NO7）
[content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 360nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 8000 based on hyperin peak.
Preparation of reference solution take a proper amount of hyperin reference, weigh accurately, add 75% methanol to make a solution containing 40 μ g per 1ml.
Preparation of the test solution take about 1g of the powder (passing the second sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 25ml of 75% methanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, then weigh it, make up the lost weight with 75% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 20 μ l of the reference solution and 20 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
This product is calculated as a dry product and contains Hyperoside (c21H20O12）Not less than 0.030%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. Return to lung and liver channels.
[functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, improve eyesight, and relieve dampness. It is used for carbuncle, swelling and sores, cold and fever, red eyes, diarrhea and dysentery, and skin eczema.
[usage and dosage] 15 ～ 30g. Apply appropriate amount externally, decoct and fumigate.
.
2、 Chemical constituents of Senecio scandens[character] the stem of this product is thin cylindrical, slightly curved, with branches on the upper part; The surface is grayish green, yellowish brown or purplish brown, longitudinally ribbed, and densely gray white pilose. The leaves are alternate, mostly shrunk and broken, and the complete leaves are oval lanceolate or long triangular after flattening, sometimes with 1-6 side lobes, with irregular serrations on the edge, halberd or truncate base, and fine pilose on both sides. ; Involucre bell shaped; The flowers are yellow to brown, and the crown hair is white. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[identification] (1) leaf surface view: the vertical circumferential wall of upper epidermal cells is microwave shaped or wavy curved; The shape of the lower epidermal cells is irregular, and the vertical circumferential wall is deeply wavy. Stomatal indefinite form or inequality, 3-6 accessory satellite cells. The non glandular hairs are 2-12 cells, and the apical cells are gradually pointed or blunt, and are mostly curved. The cells often contain yellowish oil, with slightly thickened walls and warty protrusions.
(2) Take 2G of the product powder, add 50ml of 0.36% hydrochloric acid in absolute ethanol, place for 1 hour, heat and reflux for 3 hours, cool, filter, take 40ml of the continuous filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add 25ml of 2% hydrochloric acid solution to the residue to dissolve, filter, add concentrated ammonia test solution to the filtrate to adjust the pH value to 10 ～ 11, shake and extract twice with dichloromethane, 25ml each time, combine the dichloromethane solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of dichloromethane to the residue to dissolve, and use it as the test solution. Take another 2G of Senecio scandens reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use isopropyl ether formic acid water (90:7:3) as the developing agent, pre saturate the thin-layer plate in the developing cylinder for 40 minutes, develop, take out, air dry, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 14.0% (the second method of general rule 0832
.
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 2.0% (general rule 2302).
Adonifrine was determined by HPLC-MS (general rule 0512 and general rule 0431).
Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions and system suitability tests octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid solution (7:93); A single-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect ions with a mass to charge ratio (m/z) of 366 in the positive ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 8000 according to the adonifrin base peak.
Determination of correction factor take an appropriate amount of monocrotaline reference substance, accurately weigh it, add 0.5% formic acid solution to make a solution containing 0.2 μ g per 1ml as the internal standard solution. Take an appropriate amount of adonifrine reference substance, weigh it accurately, add 0.5% formic acid solution to make a solution containing 0.1 μ g per 1ml as the reference substance solution. Accurately measure 2ml of the reference solution, place it in a 5ml measuring flask, precisely add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add 0.5% formic acid solution to the scale, shake well, pipette 2 μ L, inject it into the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, and calculate the correction factor.
Determination method take about 0.2g of the product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 50ml of 0.5% formic acid solution, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 40 minutes, cool it, then weigh it, use 0.5% formic acid solution to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 2ml of the continuous filtrate, place it in a 5ml measuring flask, precisely add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add 0.5% formic acid solution to the scale, shake it well, suck 2 μ L, inject it into a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, and determine it.
This product is calculated as a dry product, containing adonifrine (c18H23NO7）
[content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 360nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 8000 based on hyperin peak.
Preparation of reference solution take a proper amount of hyperin reference, weigh accurately, add 75% methanol to make a solution containing 40 μ g per 1ml.
Preparation of the test solution take about 1g of the powder (passing the second sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 25ml of 75% methanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, then weigh it, make up the lost weight with 75% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 20 μ l of the reference solution and 20 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
This product is calculated as a dry product and contains Hyperoside (c21H20O12）Not less than 0.030%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. Return to lung and liver channels.
[functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, improve eyesight, and relieve dampness. It is used for carbuncle, swelling and sores, cold and fever, red eyes, diarrhea and dysentery, and skin eczema.
[usage and dosage] 15 ～ 30g. Apply appropriate amount externally, decoct and fumigate.
.
The whole grass contains a large amount of flavoxanthin, chrysanthemaxanthin, and a small amount of β - carotene. Also containsSenecio alkaloid（senecionine），Senecio PhenanthrolineSeneciphylline, hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,Vanillic acid（vanillic acid），salicylic acid（salicylic acid）， . In addition, it also contains volatile oil, flavonoid glycosides, tannins and other ingredients. [3]
Flowers contain carotenoids. [3]
3、 Pharmacological action of Senecio scandens
1. antibacterial effect 50% decoction has strong antibacterial effect on Shigella dysentery bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the effective concentration is 1:1024 and 1:512 respectively. It has inhibitory effect on typhoid fever, paratyphoid A, paratyphoid B, dysentery (Freund's, Baugh's, sonnei's), Escherichia coli, proteus, waxy anthrax and other bacilli, as well as octococcus (double dilution method in test tube). Oral absorption is good (rats), and the excreted urine also has certain antibacterial effect.
2. the 50% anti spirochete decoction has strong inhibition on Leptospira icterohaemorrhagic type in vitro (plastic plate method, test tube method); All kinds of extracts have different degrees of anti spirochete effect in vitro, among which ether extract has better effect; Blood collected from guinea pigs after gavage and urine taken from rabbits after subcutaneous or intravenous injection still have certain effects; Experimental treatment of guinea pigs or golden hamsters, Senecio ether extract is not effective, only Senecio mixture (also containing bupleurum, Capparis, pomegranate peel) has a certain protective effect on guinea pigs.
3. other effects the decoction has inhibitory effect on human vaginal Trichomonas at a concentration of 1:40 in the test tube. . Sarracine, a plant from the same genus seniosarrace NIUs, can excite and then inhibit the central nervous system, reduce blood pressure, and have obvious spasmolytic effect on rat intestinal tract. Some people once suspected that the alkaloids of Senecio campestris have carcinogenic effect. According to the experiments in rats and mice, it is believed that there may be obvious degenerative, necrotic and inflammatory changes in the liver, but they are not carcinogenic substances. The infusion of the same genus seneciohualtata treated with ion exchange resin (without alkaloids, but with reducing sugars, phenols, amines, etc.) can slow down heart rate, prolong Q-R gap, reduce blood pressure, reduce respiratory rate, etc. In other parts of the world (Europe, South America, Africa, Australia), different species of Senecio scandens can be poisoned after eating, especially cirrhosis. The pynolizidine alkaloids in Senecio have anti-tumor effect, which is related to liver toxicity. See big white top grass bar.