three seven

1、 Pharmacopoeia standards of Panax notoginseng       . Before the flowers bloom in autumn, they are dug, washed, separated from the main root, branch root and rhizome, and dried. The branch root is often called "tendon", and the rhizome is often called "cutting".
      [character] the main root is conical or cylindrical, 1 ～ 6cm long and 1 ～ 4cm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown or grayish yellow, with intermittent longitudinal wrinkles and branch root marks. There are stem marks at the top and tumor like protrusions around. Its weight is solid, its cross-section is grayish green, yellowish green or grayish white, and its wood is slightly radially arranged. It tastes bitter and sweet.
      The rib is cylindrical or conical, 2-6cm long, with a diameter of about 0.8cm at the upper end and 0.3cm at the lower end.
      The scissors are irregular shrunken blocks or strips, and there are several obvious stem marks and ring patterns on the surface. The center of the section is grayish green or white, and the edge is dark green or gray.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is grayish yellow. There are many starch grains, single round, semi-circular or round polygonal, with a diameter of 4-30 μ M; The compound granule is composed of more than 2-10 fractions. . The diameter of ladder shaped conduit, reticulated conduit and threaded conduit is 15 ～ 55 μ M. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are rare, with a diameter of 50 ～ 80 μ M.
      (2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 5 drops of water, mix well, add 5ml of water saturated n-butanol, stopper, shake for 10 minutes, centrifuge, take the supernatant, add 3 times the amount of water saturated with n-butanol, shake well, place to make it layered (centrifuge if necessary), take the n-butanol layer, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck L μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate respectively, use the lower layer solution of chloroform ethyl acetate methanol water (15:40:22:10) placed below 10 ℃ as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray sulfuric acid solution (1 → 10), and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample; Put it under the ultraviolet light (365nm) to inspect, showing the same fluorescent spots.
      .
      The total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), using methanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 16.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B to perform gradient elution according to the following table; The detection wavelength was 203nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 4000 based on the R1 peak of Notoginsenoside.
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      Time (min) mobile phase a (%) mobile phase B (%)
    ----------------------------------------
    0~12       19          81
    12~60      19→36      81→64
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      Preparation of reference solution accurately weigh an appropriate amount of Ginsenoside Rg1 reference, ginsenoside Rb1 reference and Notoginsenoside R1 reference, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.4mg ginsenoside Rg1, 0.4mg ginsenoside Rb1 and 0.1mg Notoginsenoside R1 per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution take 0.6g of powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh accurately, add 50ml of methanol precisely, weigh, place overnight, keep slightly boiling on 80 ℃ water bath for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      The total amount of Ginsenoside Rg1 (c42h72o14), ginsenoside Rb1 (c54h92o23) and Notoginsenoside R1 (c47h80o18) in this product shall not be less than 5.0% based on the dry product.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] Panax Notoginseng Powder take Panax notoginseng, wash, dry, and grind into fine powder.
      This product is a grayish yellow powder. It tastes bitter and sweet.
      [identification], [inspection], [exudate], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly bitter, warm. Return to liver and stomach channels.
      . For hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematemesis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, trauma bleeding, chest and abdomen tingling, tumescent pain.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g; take the powdered flour, 1 ～ 3G at a time. Use it appropriately externally.
      [note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Panax notoginseng
    Panax notoginseng contains various active components of dammarane type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins. Ginsenosides were isolated from roots（GinsenosidesRb1、GinsenosidesRb、GinsenosidesRe、GinsenosidesRg1、GinsenosidesRg2、GinsenosidesRh1， ,Notoginsenoside-r1、notoginsenosideR2、notoginsenosideR3、notoginsenosideR4、notoginsenosideR6、notoginsenosideR7， Gypenoside xvii[1-5]; From the massive rhizome:Ginsenoside Rb1、GinsenosidesRb2、GinsenosidesRd、GinsenosidesRe、GinsenosidesRg1andnotoginsenoside r1 [4] ; From the pile root:Ginsenoside Rb1、GinsenosidesRg1、GinsenosidesRh1And damar-20 (22) - 3 β, 12 β, 25-triol-6-o - β - d-glucopyranoside [dannar-20 (22) - ene-3 β, 12 β, 25-tcmlibio1-6-o - β - d-glucopyranoside] [6,7], etc; From Lutou:Ginsenoside Rb1、GinsenosidesRd、GinsenosidesRe、GinsenosidesRg1、GinsenosidesRh1，notoginsenoside r1 、notoginsenosideR4[8]。 And the hemostatic active ingredients were separated from the water depth part of the rootAspartic acid（dencichine)， Also known as Panax notoginseng, it is a special amino acid, and its structure is β - n-oxalo-d - α - β - diaminopropionic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, leucine and other 16 amino acids, of which 7 are essential for human body, and the average content of total amino acids is 7.73% [10]. The root also contains an anticancer polyacetylene component: panaxytcmlibiol [5].

The volatile oil of the root contains: α - and γ - muurolene, cyperene, α -, β - and γ - elemene, γ - and ξ - cadinene, α - gurjunene, α -, β - and ξ - guaiene, α - (Wanggu) (wangba) ene, β - pichene, caryophyllene, α - cedrene α -cedrene, 1,9,9-trimethyl -, 7-dimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydroazulene (1,9, 9-TCMLIBimethyl-4,7-dimethano-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydroazulene)， , 10-dimethoxy-2-keto-7-hexynylenedecahydronaphthalene, methylpalmitate, ethylpalmitate, methylheptadecadienoate, methyloctadecadienoate, ethyloctadienoate, ethyloctadienoate, ethyloctadienoate dioctyl dicarbonate, caproic acid, Heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, non-3-en-2-one, cyclodecanone, trans-2-nonenal, tcmlibidecene, 1-methyl-4-peroxymethylthiobicyclo [2, 2, 2] octane, tetcmlibadecane, pentadecane cane), hexadecane, heptadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, Nonadecane, eicosane, heneicosane, docosane, tcmlibicosane, α, α - dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2,2,2-tcmlibiethoxyethanol, 1-methyl-4-propenylcyclohexane, 1-methoxyhexylbenzene [(11,12). Quercetin, a common ketone component, and glycosides made of quercetin and xylose, glucose, and glucuronic acid were isolated from the roots of cashmere. There are also β -sitosterol, daucosterol, sucrose [6].
The active sanchian-a, an arabinogalactan, was also obtained from the roots [13]. It also contains iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, fluorine and other inorganic elements [14].
3、 Pharmacological action of Panax notoginseng
1. Panax notoginseng root flow extract can shorten the blood coagulation time of rabbits and has hemostatic effect.
2. Panax notoginseng can increase coronary blood flow, slow down heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. It can also resist the effect of blood pressure rise and coronary artery contraction caused by pituitrin.
3. Panax notoginseng root has preventive and therapeutic effects on animal experimental arthritis.
4. Panax notoginseng can promote the accumulation of liver glycogen in mice.
5. Toxicity: Panax notoginseng saponin has hemolytic effect when given intravenously to monkeys and other substances, and its median lethal dose for mice is 460 mg / kg. Extremely mild toxicity to goldfish.