Catechu

1、 Catechu Pharmacopoeia standards       This product is a dried extract of Acacia catechu (L.f.) willd., a leguminous plant, with its peeled branches and stems removed. In winter, the branches and stems are harvested, the skin is removed, cut into large pieces, boiled with water, concentrated and dried.
      [properties] this product is square or irregular block, with different sizes. The surface is tan or dark brown, smooth and slightly shiny. It is hard, fragile, with irregular section, glossy, fine pores, and sticky in case of tide. The breath is slight, and the taste is astringent, bitter, and slightly sweet.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is brown. Needle like crystals and yellow brown patches can be seen.
      (2) Take the matchstick and soak it in the water immersion solution of this product to make it slightly colored. After drying, immerse it in hydrochloric acid and take it out immediately. Bake it near the flame, and the stick will appear dark red.
      (3) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 30ml of diethyl ether, sonicate for 10 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take catechin control and epicatechin control and add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml as the control solution. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same red spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 17.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was 0.04mol/l citric acid solution-n, n-dimethylformamide-tetrahydrofuran (45:8:2); The detection wavelength was 280nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 3000 based on catechin peak.
      Preparation of reference solution take catechin reference and epicatechin reference, weigh them accurately, add methanol water (1:1) mixed solution to make a solution containing 0.15mg catechin and 0.1mg epicatechin per 1ml respectively.
      Preparation of test solution take about 20mg of the fine powder of the product, accurately weigh it, put it into a 50ml volumetric flask, add 40ml of methanol water (1:1) mixed solution, sonicate for 20 minutes, add methanol water (1:1) mixed solution to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the continued filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 5 μ l each of the above two reference solutions and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      The total amount of catechin (c15h14o6) and epicatechin (c15h14o6) in this product shall not be less than 21.0%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] it takes time to break.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, astringent and slightly cold. Return to lung and heart meridian.
      [functions and indications] it can activate blood circulation and relieve pain, stop bleeding and regenerate muscle, collect dampness and heal sores, clear lung and resolve phlegm. It is used for falling pain, trauma hemorrhage, hematemesis, cerebral blood, non convergence of sores, eczema, wet sores, lung fever and cough.
      [usage and dosage] 1~3g, pan fried; . Appropriate for external use.
      [storage] keep dry and damp proof.

2、
    Heartwood contains 20% - 50% catechu tannicacid, levorotatory and racemicCatechin2%-20%, levorotatory and racemicEpicatechin, phlobatannin, andFisetin（fisetin），quercetin （quercetin）， Quercetagetin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol,Douglasine（taxifolin），Isorhamnetin（isorhamnetin）， Afzelechin, dimericprocyanidin. The bark contains aflatoxin. In addition, the extract also contains mucus, fatty oil, wax and gum. Gum also contains hexosaccharide. The leaves contain chlorophylls a and B, carotenoids.

3、 Pharmacological effects of catechu
1. hepatoprotective and choleretic effects: d-catechin and epicatechin contained in this product have significant hepatoprotective effects.
2. impact on immune function: it can amplify the cell-mediated immune response and promote the clearance of hepatitis B antigen.
3. anti pathogenic microorganism effect: in vitro bacteriostatic test showed that catechu had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albicans, beta hemolytic streptococcus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diphtheria Bacillus and Proteus.
4. inhibition of intestinal motility and anti diarrhea effect
5. hypoglycemic effect
6. effects on blood and cardiovascular system: catechin has significant antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombotic and other effects