Platycodon grandiflorum is the root of Platycodon grandiflorum of Platycodon grandiflorum family. It tastes bitter, pungent, and has a flat nature. It belongs to the lung meridian. It has the effects of relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm and purulence. It is used to treat exogenous cough, sore throat, dysentery and abdominal pain. The results showed that pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins were effective components for anti-inflammatory and expectorant of Platycodon grandiflorum, among which Platycodon grandiflorum saponin d with high content was the representative. As the main substance in Platycodon grandiflorum, Platycodon grandiflorum saponin D shows good pharmacological activities in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, liver protection, immune regulation and so on.

    1. Anti inflammatory and analgesic effects

Studies have shown that Platycodon D can inhibit the activation of inflammatory cytokines at the transcriptional level, and Platycodon D can produce good central analgesic effects on the abdominal cavity, intrathecal and ventricles. This effect is produced by regulating norepinephrine and serotonin rather than opioid receptors.

    2. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect

Platycodon grandiflorum saponin D can inhibit adipogenesis, adipogenesis and accumulation of mouse adipocytes.

    3. Antitumor effect

Platycodon grandiflorum saponin D can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells and mediate anoikis apoptosis. In addition, it plays a role in inducing apoptosis in human white blood by inhibiting the activation of Egr-1, the production of ROS and the decomposition of NMP

    4. Hepatoprotective effect

Platycodon grandiflorum saponin D plays an anti-oxidation role by increasing the expression of glutathione S-transferase, bel-2-like protein and peroxide gene Ⅳ, thereby inhibiting the damage to the liver caused by oxidative stress and protecting the liver.

    5. Enhance immune function

It has been reported that Platycodon D can enhance both cellular and humoral immunity

    6. Other

It can inhibit melanin production

    Some chemical and pharmaceutical technology improvements can be consideredplatycodin d bioavailability， For example, the liposolubility of Platycodon D was enhanced by corresponding structural modification; Adding absorption enhancers (bioadhesive polymers, fatty acids and surfactants, etc.) to increase the permeability of drugs by affecting the effects of cross cell channels, cell bypass channels, tight junctions and efflux systems, so as to improve the bioavailability of drugs.; Change the dosage form (such as microemulsion) to improve the mucosal permeability and oral bioavailability of the drug; Change the route of administration.