Sichuan Province has the reserves of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the number of commonly used varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, the number of genuine varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, the nationalGAPNumber of certifications4It ranks first in China and has significant resource advantages in developing modern traditional Chinese medicine industry, and is gradually becoming an important source of income in rural poor areas^[1]。2017In, the annual total output value of traditional Chinese medicine materials in Sichuan Province reached173Billion yuan. From a nationwide perspective, the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province is in a medium to high position, and there is still a certain gap compared with Jilin Province and Yunnan Province, which rank at the top of the country. In Yunnan Province, the output value of Wenshan Sanqi Industrial Park alone has reached145Billion yuan^[2]The output value of ginseng industry alone in Jilin Province has reached550Billion yuan^[3]Although Sichuan is a big province of Chinese herbal medicine resources and industry, it is not a strong province. During the period when China's economy shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, the report of the 19th CPC National Congress first put forward the new expression of "high-quality development", requiring China's economy to promote quality, efficiency and power through3Great changes continue to make new progress on the road of high-quality development^[4-6]The development plan of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province（2018—2025）The development goal of the year is2025In, the planting area of Chinese medicinal materials increased from2017Years42.47ten thousandhm²Grow to56.67ten thousandhm²(including Sanmu medicinal materials and medicinal materials planted under the forest23.33ten thousandhm²），The annual output value is from173Billion yuan to300Billion yuan, the growth rate of industrial output value needs to be the same as the scale growth rate2Times. In order to study and solve the problem of how to promote the transformation of resource advantages to economic advantages, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province from a resource rich province to a strong industrial province, it is urgent to combine the basic conditions and practical characteristics of industrial development, focus on the quality, efficiency and power of industrial development, and analyze the new characteristics, problems and paths of industrial development3Make an overall judgment on the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province at all levels, find a breakthrough in the high-quality development of the industry, and put forward relevant suggestions for the better realization of the high-quality development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

1  New characteristics of the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province

1.1  Many advantageous products

The commonly used Chinese medicinal materials in China are363Species, Sichuan312Species, accounting for86%^[7]There are genuine varieties of Chinese medicinal materials in Sichuan Province86Species and landmark varieties31Species and key varieties67species^[7]Among them, Baiji, Coptis chinensis, chuanmingshen, Gastrodia elata, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Ophiopogon japonicus, honeysuckle, Paris polyphylla, bupleurum, aconite, Platycodon grandiflorum, gardenia, Achyranthes bidentata, Dendrobium, Angelica sinensis, Alisma orientalis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica dahurica18The output value of Chinese medicinal materials reached106.05Billion yuan, accounting for% of the total output value of traditional Chinese medicine in the province61.22%It is a large variety of traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan Province. The output value of Baiji, Coptis chinensis, chuanmingshen, Gastrodia elata and Chuanxiong exceeded10Billion yuan, respectively accounting for11.04%、10.11%、6.55%、6.23%、5.82%. except Angelica sinensis, the rest17. The high economic value and strong regional selectivity make the traditional Chinese medicine industry a "Star" industry for industrial poverty alleviation, and gradually grow into a major agricultural product in Sichuan Province, becoming an important source of farmers' income.

1.2  Large industrial capacity

Sichuan Province has built300Hectares of seed and seedling breeding base of traditional Chinese medicine, with11Production bases1Two conservation bases and1Seed and seedling testing centers, which can100Multiple varieties were bred and covered18A large variety of Chinese medicinal materials.2017Planting area of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province in42.47ten thousandhm²(including Sanmu medicinal materials and medicinal materials planted under the forest22.07ten thousandhm²）, annual output of traditional Chinese Medicine102ten thousandtWith an annual gross output value of173Billion yuan, including varieties with an output value of more than 10 million yuan31species^[7]The good industrial development trend has laid a solid foundation for the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry. In addition, although the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry depends on the back-end Chinese medicine decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry,2015—2017The proportion of traditional Chinese medicine industry in the traditional Chinese medicine industry in19%～23%However, this3The annual average growth rate of the output value of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in16.64%, much higher than the output value of traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing6.48%It can be seen that the strong demand for back-end traditional Chinese medicine products has effectively stimulated the front-end traditional Chinese medicine industry.

1.3  Strong technical support

The national technical system of Chinese herbal medicine industry has been established nationwide and23Province settings27Comprehensive test stations. Sichuan Province is an important province participating in the scientific research and development of the national traditional Chinese medicine industry, with two comprehensive test stations, Mianyang test station and Chengdu test station; . "Country-province-. Established4A dynamic monitoring platform for traditional Chinese medicine resources; The Sichuan medicine information network, Sichuan medicine database and other Chinese medicine information monitoring service platforms were formed, and the construction of the country's first Chinese medicine traceability system was started; . The powerful technological innovation platform has formed a good environment for the integrated innovation and demonstration of scientific and technological achievements.

1.4  Full market system

The province has formed an "offline + online" market trading system. Sichuan's bulk wholesale market, represented by the Chengdu lotus pond traditional Chinese medicine market, has a solid foundation for development,2017Annual turnover of376.06Billion yuan, accounting for% of the total transaction volume of the national traditional Chinese medicine market28.6%The direct mining market in producing areas led by various business entities has developed rapidly, forming a small trading market represented by circulation traders. Relying on the national e-commerce platforms of Chinese herbal medicine such as "Chinese herbal medicine Tiandi net" and "traditional Chinese medicine Tong", online market transactions will be carried out, and a new closed-loop traceable circulation system of genuine medicinal materials "standardized planting + standardized primary processing + cloud warehouse" will be gradually created. Centering on products and markets, with traditional Chinese medicine as the core and tourism as the support, four major business forms have been formed: ecological health tourism, cultural health tourism, characteristic medical health tourism and sports health tourism; Xinyi water township health care center, Qiliping in the middle of Emei Mountain and Tianfu Red Valley will be built•Farming and reading Taoyuan, China•Cangxi pharmaceutical Culture Expo Park, etc10. By establishing and improving the market system, Sichuan Province has realized the whole process of the traditional Chinese medicine industry from proprietary assets, value added, value distribution to value realization.

1.5  Strong agglomeration effect

From the planting distribution of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (Fig1）From the perspective of the whole province, Guangyuan has mainly formed-Liangshan Prefecture, Bazhong-Two north-south routes in Yibin, Ganzi-Yibin is an east-west industrial belt of traditional Chinese Medicine16The planting area, output and output value of cities (prefectures) occupy the whole province80%Above, the regional agglomeration effect of industry is gradually emerging, which directly affects the pricing of relevant traditional Chinese medicine. stay2013—2019Years,18The fluctuation range of the price difference of Chinese medicinal materials of large varieties3Species characteristics: Paris polyphylla, Ophiopogon japonicus, Dendrobium, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Alisma orientalis5Fluctuation rate of price difference of varieties ＜20%, which is a stable fluctuation type of medicinal material; Baiji, honeysuckle, Gastrodia elata, Coptis chinensis, aconite, chuanmingshen, Angelica dahurica7The fluctuation rate of price difference among varieties is20%～50%, which is a volatile medicinal material; Angelica sinensis, Bupleurum chinense, Platycodon grandiflorum, Achyranthes bidentata4Fluctuation rate of price difference of varieties ＞50%, which is a drastic fluctuation type of medicinal material; The data of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Gardenia jasminoides were insufficient and could not be judged.

2  New problems in the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province

2.1  Unclear industrial positioning

Traditional Chinese medicine industry in the province3Industrial concentration zone covers16Major cities (prefectures), and each city (prefecture) planted varieties in20More than species, reaching in some cities (prefectures)40More than, which is of low guidance for production.80%The planting coverage of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine in the above cities (prefectures) did not reach50%The focus of development is not focused. Because there are many varieties of Chinese medicinal materials suitable for planting in each county, "the trouble of choice" often leads to difficulty in choosing and "grasping at one time". The unclear positioning of the county leads to weak "fists" and a lack of "singles experts".

2.2  Little added value

stay2007—2017In, the yield of traditional Chinese medicine remained positively correlated with the scale (Fig2）The correlation coefficient between the output and area of traditional Chinese medicine industry is0.95The increase in the output of traditional Chinese medicine is highly dependent on the industrial scale. Traditional Chinese medicine derivatives are mainly short, fast and low value-added products. The industry presents problems such as insufficient development of the whole industrial chain of single medicinal materials, low scientific and technological content of products, and the value of traditional Chinese medicine products does not give full play to the multiple functions of traditional Chinese medicine, which cannot meet the demand of consumers for high-quality products. .

2.3  Low production efficiency

If the development scale is measured by the output of traditional Chinese medicine and the development efficiency is measured by the output value, the development efficiency is measured in the18Among the large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, Baiji, Coptis chinensis, Gastrodia elata, Ophiopogon japonicus and honeysuckle5The development of varieties was "small-scale"-High efficiency "feature; Ligusticum chuanxiong and chuanmingshen showed "large-scale-High efficiency "feature; Paris polyphylla, Achyranthes bidentata, bupleurum, aconite, Platycodon grandiflorum, gardenia, Alisma orientalis, Dendrobium, Angelica sinensis9The varieties were "small-scale-Low efficiency; -Low efficiency ". Low efficiency varieties11Species, accounting for61.1%；50%Large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine concentrate on small-scale-Inefficient development stage. It can be seen that the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province still needs substantive development.

2.4  Weak development ability

First, the direct production cost is the main component of the price of the place of origin.2014—2018The proportion of the direct production cost of domestic varieties in the price of producing areas in70%Up and down. In the planting cost, labor cost is still the main component of planting cost, such as Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort2018The annual planting cost is155.87element/hm²The labor cost, land rent, pesticides and fertilizers, initial processing cost, seeds and seedlings, and material cost are respectively86.67、26.67、18.67、13.33、9.20、1.33element/hm²The proportion of labor cost in the total planting cost reached55.6%The high proportion of labor costs has greatly reduced the planting efficiency and benefits of traditional Chinese medicine. . Because the price of traditional Chinese medicine fluctuates violently periodically and even increases irreversibly^[8], in18Among the large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, Paris polyphylla, Baiji, honeysuckle, Gastrodia elata, Coptis chinensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, chuanmingshen, chuanxiong, Alisma orientalis, Angelica dahurica10Species in2014—2017. Third, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. The supply of medicinal and edible homologous and endangered wild varieties exceeds the demand^[9], the supply of bulk varieties exceeds the demand; The total supply of Chinese medicinal materials exceeds the demand, and the supply of high-quality medicinal materials exceeds the demand. Fourth, Sichuan Pharmaceutical's ability to meet the international market has been greatly reduced.2017Sichuan Province exported medicinal plants in31Species,18The output value of varieties decreased, including Ligusticum chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rehmannia glutinosa, Sophora japonica, Fructus Dahaizi, Radix Scutellariae.The main ingredients of the three varieties are Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Atractylodis macrocephal7Varieties decreased by95%Above.

3  Analysis on the causes of difficulties in the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province

3.1  Lack of top-level guidance for industrial development

. First, there is a lack of effective guidance for the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in cities (prefectures). Although cities (prefectures) have industrial planning, the selection of Chinese medicinal materials is lack of demonstration, and depends on the choice of producers, who rely on long-term production and planting habits and self judgment of the market. Second, industrial support is insufficient. The genuine medicinal materials and large varieties in the province have not formed a national characteristic agricultural product advantage zone, and only honeysuckle has been incorporated into the provincial industrial parks of the National Industrial Park creation management system for construction; Establishing and cultivating provincial star rated parks in the province71Only Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Paeonia lactiflora, Ophiopogon japonicus, Baiji5Varieties are preferentially planted in the park. Third, the third4The second national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources has not yet been completed, so it is impossible to conduct in-depth mining according to the census data to provide the manufacturers of traditional Chinese medicine with data such as the distribution, quantity, wild medicine reserves and market reserves of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the province as a reference for variety selection decisions。

3.2  Lack of relevant supporting facilities for production factors

The construction of production technology system cannot fully meet the actual production needs; The construction of supporting facilities and equipment lags behind, and the production efficiency cannot be guaranteed. First, the industrial production technology system is incomplete, and there is no effective production system covering the whole process of the main varieties developed in the province, including genetic improvement, cultivation and soil fertilizer, pest control, mechanization and rough processing in the production area; Production models such as understory tending and wild imitation cultivation need further updating and integration. ; The implementation of water conservancy facilities, pest control facilities, and site primary processing supporting facilities is not in place, the base's ability to withstand natural disasters is poor, and the improvement of output capacity is restricted.

3.3  Lack of integration promotion for collaborative development

The vertical extension of the industrial chain, the insufficient enabling effect of the technology platform on the industry, and the low information service ability are the weak links of multi-point collaborative promotion of industrial development. First, the vertical extension of the industrial chain, which focuses on the development of medicinal and edible homologous products and health food, is not deep enough. Product development is still limited to the production of raw materials, the processing of Chinese herbal pieces, and the production of Chinese patent medicine, and has not been further developed to medicinal and edible homologous products, health products, health care products, etc. 10%～20%The transformation of scientific and technological achievements into products can truly form the deficiencies of the industry5%The transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in traditional Chinese medicine is even lower. Third, Sichuan Province4Dynamic monitoring platforms for traditional Chinese medicine resources only18Species information was collected, while the monitoring platforms in Yunnan, Ningxia, Guizhou and Jilin were collected40There are many varieties of information, and the information monitoring platform collects few varieties; Most TCM data service platforms have less in-depth mining and analysis of various information, and the phenomenon of low-level and repeated construction is relatively serious.

3.4  Lack of solutions to low operating efficiency

First, the increasing supply capacity and planting area have led to a rapid rise. The continuous breakthroughs in the domestication of wild varieties such as Baiji have led to a serious phenomenon of blind introduction and expansion of production areas of traditional Chinese medicine in actual production. Large area planting of traditional Chinese medicine has led to an oversupply of traditional Chinese medicine, resulting in inefficient and ineffective supply. Second, the product does not meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia due to insufficient content of effective ingredients, incorrect base source, character variation, and high pesticide residues2015The product is not accepted by the market. Third, the transaction costs and search costs of high-quality products are high, the products lack brand benefits, and it is difficult to connect production and demand among pharmaceutical farmers, drug manufacturers in the producing areas and drug users. Fourth, the real estate areas of varieties such as Achyranthes bidentata were gradually replaced by emerging production areas. The phenomenon of blind introduction and expansion of production areas was very serious. Driven by economic interests, the production areas were forced to change passively, and the real estate areas were replaced by the so-called emerging production areas.

3.5  Lack of effective response to price downturn

The traditional Chinese medicine industry lacks a price formation mechanism and regulation mechanism for long-term stable development. First, the growth cycle of traditional Chinese medicine is long. 67Among varieties80%The above varieties are perennial varieties, and the response speed of production to market prices lags behind. Second, the standard system is not perfect and the supervision is not enough. The lack of quality standards and market supervision of seeds and seedlings of traditional Chinese medicine has led to confusion in quality and price, affecting the supply of high-quality seeds and seedlings; . Third, the survival space of Chinese patent medicine in the international market has been compressed. So far, Chinese patent medicines have not been registered internationally and cannot enter the international mainstream drug market as drugs, which gradually reduces the pulling effect on the Chinese herbal medicine industry.

4  New path to promote the high quality development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province

4.1  with“Data transformation、Centralized development、Capacity release”Focus on，Strengthen the guidance of the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry agglomeration

Accelerate the transformation of census data resources into economic decision-making resources. The fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources was analyzed by data mining to form a sharing mechanism to guide and guide the decision-making of traditional Chinese medicine planting and breeding. Promote the rational and orderly agglomeration of industries, form a coordinated regional development pattern, and realize the concentration of industrial development to leading varieties and superior varieties, as well as to parks, genuine regions and industrial belts. .

4.2  with“Scientific planting、Brand building、Chain extension”Focus on，Improve the production efficiency of traditional Chinese Medicine

Guide the demonstration base according to traditional Chinese MedicineGAPStandardized, large-scale and intensive planting are required. Promote mechanized production and reduce labor costs; Promote the demonstration, popularization and application of new technologies, and solve the problem of low production efficiency caused by technological bottlenecks; Carry out regional industrial interaction and promote large-scale development from the perspective of regional development. Strengthen brand building, encourage the development of pollution-free agricultural product certification, green food certification, organic agricultural product certification, and cultivate Sichuan drug varieties and brands recognized by the international and domestic markets; We will strengthen the standardized production, construction and whole process quality monitoring of the whole industrial chain from planting and seedling breeding to processing in the production area, so as to ensure the uniform and stable quality of traditional Chinese medicine. We should improve the quality of industrial chain extension, strengthen the development of large-scale health products, and improve the quality of support for the tourism industry from the Chinese herbal medicine industry.

4.3  with“Boost reserves、Strengthen integration、Formulate system”Focus on，Establishing a stable price regulation mechanism for traditional Chinese Medicine

Accelerate the construction of the reserve mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine to effectively prevent the risk of reducing the supply of traditional Chinese medicine caused by malicious speculation and natural disasters. Strengthen the resource allocation of professional markets and information service platforms, and support the collaborative integration of "Internet + traditional Chinese medicine"^[10]To effectively integrate technical information, planting information and market information, so that industrial operators can timely understand the market situation, effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, avoid following suit operation and realize the rapid connection between supply and demand. We should establish a pricing mechanism for guiding the price of Chinese medicinal materials, formulate a reasonable price standard reference system, and intensify the crackdown on malicious hoarding and disrupting market order; Strengthen training, improve the quality of pharmaceutical farmers, and cultivate new-type pharmaceutical farmers who can grow and understand technology; Guide and encourage growers to form professional cooperatives to improve the anti risk ability and market judgment ability of individual growers; . The hoarding of medicinal materials is shielded in the capital link, and the price is adjusted orderly through the hand of the market.

4.4  with“Scientific research support、Industrial empowerment、Product development”Focus on，Strengthening the pulling effect of science and technology on Industrial Development

Strengthen scientific research support and break through technical difficulties. ^[11]Expand the enabling role of science and technology in industrial development. We will strive to build a pilot area for innovation driven development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Chengdu Plain, promote the development of the traditional Chinese medicine planting and breeding industry in southern Sichuan, Panxi, Northeastern Sichuan, Northwestern Sichuan and other regions with the development and utilization of the effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and build a new pattern of regional innovation and development supported by key regions, innovation parks, industrial bases, and innovation platforms. Expand the development of traditional Chinese medicine derivatives, and speed up the development of traditional Chinese medicine derivatives related to drugs, wine, fruits, tea, etc. in combination with the advantageous and characteristic industries in Sichuan Province; .

4.5  with“Park Construction、Perfect service、Industry Association”Focus on，Improve the degree of production organization

We will strengthen the construction of demonstration parks for traditional Chinese medicine industry, build demonstration parks for traditional Chinese medicine industry, and focus on the construction of demonstration bases for planting (breeding) traditional Chinese medicine, customized traditional Chinese medicine parks, production areas of traditional Chinese medicine, and ethnic medicine4Industrial demonstration parks, accelerate the breeding of new excellent varieties, improve the infrastructure of the park, ensure that regional leading varieties are given priority in the park, develop superior varieties, and form superior production areas. Build an agricultural industrialization consortium centered on the park. . In the demonstration park of traditional Chinese medicine industry, the production mode of "enterprise clusters + cooperatives + farmers" should be established, and the mechanism of interest linkage should be innovated, so that all subjects can effectively divide their work and cooperate. We should improve the social service system, cultivate high-end biomedical management talents, scientific and technological talents and production technology talents, provide scientific and technological demonstration and training around the key development of traditional Chinese medicine varieties, and build a new social service system integrating production, learning and research. At the same time, a standardized working system integrating primary processing, warehousing, traceability, standards and other services will be built to promote the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry. Establish strategic alliances and associations of traditional Chinese medicine, gather enterprises and cooperative organizations engaged in the production, processing, trade, investment and financing, technical information services, etc. of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, conduct industry self-discipline through industry alliance, and help entrepreneurs integrate resources on a larger platform at a smaller cost.

References (omitted)  

Come   Source: Wang   Yan, Liu Hanjing, Yang   ; Xiao. New characteristics, new problems and new paths of high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Sichuan Province [j]. Chinese herbal medicine, 2020, 51 (19): 5077-5082