1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Ranunculus ternatus This product is the dried root tuber of Ranunculus ternatus thunb., a plant of Ranunculaceae. Excavate in spring, remove fibrous roots and sediment, and dry in the sun.
[character] this product is clustered by several to dozens of spindle shaped tubers, shaped like cat claws, 3-10mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, with yellowish brown residual stems or stem marks on the top. The surface is yellowish brown or grayish yellow, with dark color for a long time, slight longitudinal wrinkles, and dotted fibrous root marks and residual fibrous roots. It is solid, with white or yellowish white section, hollow or solid, powdery. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: epidermal cells are tangentially extended, yellowish brown, and some differentiate into superficial hairs, which are slightly lignified. ; The endothelial layer was evident. The middle column is small; Xylem and phloem are arranged in 2-3 bundles at intervals. Parenchyma cells were filled with starch granules.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of dilute ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Another 1g of the control medicinal material of Ranunculus ternatus was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, the main spot with the same color appears at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] determined by the hot leaching method under the determination of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 30.0%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, pungent and warm. Return to liver and lung channels.
[functions and indications] it can dissipate phlegm, disperse nodules, detoxify and reduce swelling. It is used for scrofula and phlegm, scrofula and swelling poison, snake and insect bites.
[usage and dosage] 15-30g, single drug can be used up to 120g.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Ranunculus ternatus

In recent years, there are few studies on the chemical constituents of Ranunculus ternatus, which mainly contains flavonoids and glycosides, volatile oil, organic acids and other compounds, such as kaempferol-4 '- methyl ether, Torreya biflavone, Podocarpus biflavone aGinkgo biloba、Isoginkgo biloba、Amentoflavone, ranunculoside [4-oxo-5 - (o- β - D-glucopyranosyl) - valeric acid n-butyl ester], methyl 4-oxo-5 - (o- β - D-glucopyranosyl) - valerate, benzyl alcohol-o - β - d-glucopyranoside, ranunculoside CRanunculosideD、  22-tetraene-3-one5-hydroxymethylfurfural, methyl 5-hydroxyvalerate, methyl succinate, ethyl succinate, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-oxovaleric acid, succinic acid, azelaic acidP-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, etc.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Ranunculus ternatus

1. Immunoregulatory function in recent years, it has been reported that the polysaccharides and saponins contained in Ranunculus ternatus have immunoregulatory effects.

2. Antitumor effect. Some studies believe that the 70% ethanol extract of Ranunculus ternatus has a strong inducing effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF); And the experiment showed that the extract of Ranunculus ternatus not only inhibited S180, S37, EC and other cancer strains in mice, but also confirmed that the saponins and polysaccharides of Ranunculus ternatus had anti-tumor effects in vitro.

3. Bacteriostasis. The decoction, crude drug powder and alcohol extract of Ranunculus ternatus had different degrees of inhibitory effect on highly virulent human tuberculosis (H37Rv) in the test tube. The inhibitory concentrations were 1 ∶ 10, 1 ∶ 10 and 1 ∶ 1000, respectively, and the antibacterial effect was slightly stronger than that of isoniazid.

4. Protective inhibition. . It is concluded that the drug is beneficial to improve the physique and enhance the body's resistance to disease.

5. Toxic effects. . Due to its extensive use in recent years, its toxicological effect has also been paid more and more attention. However, Nie Yan et al showed through acute toxicity test that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Ranunculus ternatus was > 20.0 g/kg; Ames test, micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of mice and sperm deformity test of mice were negative; In the 90 day feeding experiment, the rats' body weight increased, food utilization rate and hematological index values were normal, the biochemical index values were within the normal range, and no significant pathological changes were found in the main organs and tissues of rats, which proved that the extract of Ranunculus ternatus had no obvious toxic and side effects.

6. Others. . Hanhongxia et al confirmed that PRT has a protective effect on CCl4 induced acute chemical liver injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the antioxidant effect of PRT.

In recent years, preliminary progress has been made in the study of biological activity, chemical composition and clinical application of Ranunculus ternatus. According to the literature, the extract of Ranunculus ternatus can enhance the cellular immunity of rats by up regulating the transcription level of genes. At the same time, it has good anti-tumor activity and has gradually attracted people's attention, especially in breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, liver cancer and other aspects.