Phytolacca
Shanglu
PHYTOLACCAE RADIX
This product is the dried root of Phytolacca acinosa roxb. or Phytolacca americana L. Excavate from autumn to next spring, remove fibrous roots and sediment, cut into pieces or slices, and dry in the sun or in the shade.Shanglu
PHYTOLACCAE RADIX
[properties] this product is an irregular piece cut transversely or longitudinally, with different thickness. The skin is grayish yellow or grayish brown. The transverse section is unevenly curved, the edge shrinks, and the diameter is 2-8cm; the section is light yellowish brown or yellowish white, and the wood is raised, forming several protruding concentric rings. . Hard quality. The breath is slight, the taste is slightly sweet, and the tongue is numb after chewing for a long time.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: the number of cork cells is more than 10. The inner layer of the bolt is narrow. . Phloem is on the outside and xylem is on the inside of vascular bundle; There are many wood fibers, which are connected or enclosed around the conduit. Parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles and starch granules.
The powder is off white. Pokeweed calcium oxalate needle crystals are in bundles or scattered, the needle crystals are fine, the needle crystal bundle is 40 ～ 72 μ m long, and calcium oxalate square crystals or cluster crystals can still be seen. Wood fibers are mostly in bundles, with a diameter of 10-20 μ m, a thick or slightly thick wall, and dozens of shaped pits. Cork cells are brownish yellow, rectangular or polygonal, and some contain granules. The starch granules are round or oblong in shape, with a diameter of 3 ～ 28 μ M. the umbilical point is short suture, dot, star and herringbone, and the laminar pattern is not obvious; There are a few complex particles, which are composed of 2-3 particles.
The needle crystal bundle of calcium oxalate from Phytolacca acinosa is slightly longer, about 96 μ M; There are no square crystals and cluster crystals.
(2) Take 3G of this product powder, add 25ml of dilute ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of the test solution and 10 μ l of the control solution under the item of [content determination], respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the lower layer solution of chloroform methanol water (7:3:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] impurities shall not exceed 2% (general rule 2301).
The moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 2.5% (general rule 2302).
[extract] determined according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 10.0%.
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Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.4% glacial acetic acid solution (70:30); Evaporative light scattering detector detection. .
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of pokeweed saponin a reference substance, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 1g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of dilute ethanol precisely, weigh it, sonicate (power 500W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with dilute ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to accurately suck 10 μ L and 20 μ l of the reference solution and 20 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine, and calculate with the external standard two-point method logarithmic equation.
According to the dry product, the content of pokeweed saponin A (c42h66o16) shall not be less than 0.15%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] raw pokeweed remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces or pieces, and dry.
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30kg vinegar per 100kg pokeweed.
. The surface is yellowish brown, with a slight vinegar aroma, and the taste is slightly sweet. It chews for a long time.
[inspection] the acid insoluble ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 2.0%.
[extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 15.0%.
[content determination] the content of pokeweed saponin A (c42h66o16) shall not be less than 0.20% in the same medicinal material.
[identification] (2) [inspection] (moisture) is the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold; . .
[functions and indications] expel water to reduce swelling and promote diuresis; For external use, detoxify and disperse the knot. ; External treatment of carbuncle, swelling and sore poison.
[usage and dosage] 3-9g. For external use, use an appropriate amount, decoct the soup, smoke and wash.
[note] it is forbidden for pregnant women.
[storage] put it in a dry place to prevent mold and moth.
2、 Chemical constituents of Phytolacca acinosa
Pokeweed root contains pokeweed glycoside a, pokeweed glycoside B, pokeweed glycoside C, pokeweed glycoside D, pokeweed glycoside e, pokeweed glycoside F, pokeweed glycoside h, pokeweed glycoside K, pokeweed glycoside L, pokeweed glycoside o, pokeweed glycoside P, pokeweed glycoside Q, pokeweed glycoside J, pokeweed glycoside m, pokeweed glycoside I, pokeweed glycoside N and pokeweed glycoside g, pokeweed glycoside e, pokeweed acid,phytolaccagenic acid . The root tuber contains 2-ethyl-n-hexanol, 2-methoxy-4-propenyphenol, dibutyl phthalate, ethyl palmitate, banded reticulol, 2-monolinoleic glyceride, ethyl oleate, tetradecanol palmitate, Phytolacca polysaccharide I and phytomitogen.
3、 Pharmacological effects of Phytolacca acinosa
. According to the research, the potassium salt in Phytolacca acinosa does not play a dominant role in diuresis, but an additional role. Intravenous injection of Phytolacca acinosa extract in anesthetized dogs has no obvious diuretic effect and has no significant effect on blood pressure. It has also been reported that pokeweed extract tablets have no diuretic effect.
2. expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic effects the water extract, Decoction and tincture of Radix Phytolaccae have significant expectorant effects. . Shanglu extract tablets have good expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic effects in the treatment of chronic tracheitis. For patients with insufficient adrenocortical function, one of the mechanisms of Shanglu alcohol extract in the treatment of chronic tracheitis may be due to the improvement of adrenocortical function, thereby improving the allergic state.
3. antibacterial effect: Phytolacca acinosa extract has inhibitory effect on Xanthomonas schrenckii and tinea odonioides. Pokeweed Decoction and tincture have certain inhibitory effect on influenza bacilli and pneumococcus (some strains), and it is believed that this effect is related to its clinical efficacy. Pokeweed saponin A can inhibit both acute and chronic inflammation. 2-hydroxypokeweed acid also has anti-inflammatory effects.
4. the effect of inducing immune interferon in vitro: pokeweed (PWM) and pokeweed saponin (ES) induce stemonopsin in normal injured spleen and patient spleen cells in vitro. The stemonopsin induced by PWM and ES is sensitive to pH = 2 or 56 ℃, and can be neutralized by human interferon r monoclonal antibody, confirming that it is human interferon R; However, the effect of ES on the induction of interferon r by splenocytes of patients was significantly lower than that of PWM (P < 0.01 = pokeweed polysaccharide I could enhance the cytotoxic effect of macrophages and its induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1. It is also reported that pokeweed saponins can not only induce r-Interferon, but also interleukin-2 and lymphotoxin. Experiments have proved that products containing several lymphokines have different degrees of cytotoxicity on human lung cancer cell lines, HeLa cells, human liver cancer cell lines, Jurkat and malt-4 cells. At present, when the highly purified genetically engineered mixed lymphokines cannot provide clinical application, the lymphokines products induced by pokeweed saponins, combined with chemical drugs or traditional Chinese medicine, have better clinical value in the treatment of tumors.Pokeweed saponinEsculentoside h has been used in the production of r-Interferon due to its high induced interferon titer. Total saponins of pokeweed and pokeweed saponin A can significantly promote the phagocytic function of white blood cells in mice, and total saponins can also resist the decrease of DNA conversion rate caused by hydroxyurea, keeping the synthesis of DNA at a normal level, which proves that pokeweed saponins are one of the effective components of pokeweed for strengthening the body and strengthening the body.
. The experiment showed that pokeweed saponins may be a bioactive substance that activates nucleotide reductase, antagonizes the inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea on nucleotide reduction reaction at the level of diphosphorylation, can significantly improve the 3H TDR incorporation rate, and prolong the freezing resistance time of animals.