1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of lotus seed
This product is the dried and mature seed of Nelumbo nucifera gaertn., a plant of the water lily family. When the fruit is ripe in autumn, the lotus pod is harvested, the fruit is taken out, the peel is removed, and the fruit is dried.
[properties] the product is slightly oval or spherical, 1.2-1.8cm long and 0.8-1.4cm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown, with fine longitudinal lines and wide veins. The center of one end is papillary, brown, with many cracks, and its periphery is slightly depressed. The seed coat is hard, thin and hard to peel. Cotyledons 2, yellowish white, plump, with gaps in the middle, with green lotus seed heart. The air is slight, and the taste is sweet and slightly astringent; .
. It is mainly starch granules, and a single granule is oblong, quasi circular, ovoid or quasi triangular, and some have small cusps with a diameter of 4-25 μ M. a few umbilical points can be seen, which are crack like or dot like; The compound grains are rare and consist of 2-3 grains. The pigment layer cells are yellowish brown or reddish brown, and the surface is quasi rectangular, quasi long polygonal or quasi circular, and calcium oxalate cluster crystals can be seen in some. The cotyledon cells are oblong, with slightly thick walls, some of which are bead like, and the pit domain is faintly visible. .
(2) Take a little powder of this product, add some water, mix well, add a few drops of iodine test solution, it is blue purple, gradually fade after heating, cool, and the blue purple reappears.
(3) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 5ml of water, soak, filter, put the filtrate into a test tube, add a few drops of α - naphthol test solution, shake well, slowly drop 1ml of sulfuric acid along the tube wall, and a purple ring appears at the junction of the two solutions.
(4) Take 5g of crude powder of this product, add 30ml of trichloromethane, shake, place overnight, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use n-hexane-acetone (7:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 5% vanillin in 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 14.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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Aflatoxin was determined according to the aflatoxin assay (general rule 2351).
The content of aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 5 μ g per 1000g, and the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 10 μ G.
Decoction pieces
[processing] slightly soak, moisten, cut, remove heart, and dry.
This product is slightly hemispherical. The surface is reddish brown, with fine longitudinal lines and wider veins. . The seed coat is hard, thin and hard to peel. Cotyledons are yellowish white, plump, with gaps in them. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet and astringent.
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, astringent and flat. Return to spleen, kidney and heart meridian.
[functions and indications] tonify spleen, stop diarrhea, stop band, tonify kidney, astringent essence, nourish heart and calm mind. It is used for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, vaginal discharge, spermatorrhea, palpitation and insomnia.
[usage and dosage] 6 ～ 15g.
[storage] store in a dry place to prevent moths.

2、

It contains carbohydrate (62%), protein (6.6%), fat (2.0%), calcium (0.089%), phosphorus (0.285%), and iron (0.0064%). Fatty acid composition in fat:Myristic acid0.04％，palmitic acid. Fruit containsNoraconitine. the peel containsNuciferine, protophylline, oxycarpine, and n-normethylene papaverine.

3、 Pharmacological effects of lotus seed

1. the effective ingredients of lotus seed can inhibit hemodynamics, inhibit myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, expand coronary arteries, relax blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, and have anti arrhythmia and anti myocardial ischemia effects.

2. alkaloids of lotus seed have anti free radical effect.

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4. lotus seed has the effect of anti-aging and prolonging life.

5. lotus seed contains oxycarpine, which can inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Alkaloids in lotus seed have inhibitory activity on ADT enzyme on rat brain cell membrane.