1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of cortex Fraxini
This product is the dried branch bark or dry bark of the Oleaceae plant Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Fraxinus chinensis roxb., Fraxinus szaboana lingelsh., or Fraxinus stylosa lingelsh. .
. The inner surface is yellowish white or brown, smooth. It is hard and brittle, with fibrous cross-section, yellowish white. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
The dry skin is long strip-shaped pieces, 3-6mm thick. The outer surface is grayish brown, with craggy grooves and reddish brown round or transverse lenticels. The texture is hard and the cross-section is fibrous.
[identification] (1) take this product, soak it in heated water, and the lixivium can show blue fluorescence under sunlight.
(2) Cross section of this product: the cork layer is more than 5-10 rows of cells. The inner layer of the thrombus is a series of polygonal pachytene cells. The cortex is wide, and fibers and stone cells are scattered or in groups. There are rings of stone cells and fiber bundles in the sheath of the middle column, occasionally interrupted. Phloem ray width 1-3 rows of cells; . Parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate sand crystals.
(3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 10 minutes, cool, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, take the Aesculetin reference substance, Aesculetin reference substance and Aesculetin reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 2mg each in 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate or gf254 thin-layer plate respectively, use chloroform methanol formic acid (6:1:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, and place the silica gel gf254 plate under UV light (254nm) for inspection; The silica gel G plate was inspected under a UV lamp (365nm). ; The silica gel gf254 plate is sprayed with a mixed solution of ferric chloride test solution and potassium ferricyanide test solution (1:1), and the spot turns blue.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 7.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 8.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (8:92); The detection wavelength was 334nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the peak of Aesculetin.
Preparation of reference solution take appropriate amount of Aesculetin reference substance and Aesculetin reference substance, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.1mg of Aesculetin and 60 μ g of Aesculetin per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The total amount of Aesculetin (c15h16o9) and Aesculetin (c9h6o4) in this product shall not be less than 1.0% according to the dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, shred, and dry.
This product is in the shape of silk strips with different lengths. The outer surface is gray white, gray brown or black brown. The inner surface is yellowish white or brown, smooth. Section fibrous. Hard quality. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[inspection] the total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 6.0%.
[extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 10.0%.
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[identification] (1), (3) [inspection] (moisture) is the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, astringent and cold. It belongs to the liver, gallbladder and large intestine.
[functions and indications] clear away heat and dampness, stop astringency, stop dysentery, stop band, and improve eyesight. It is used for diarrhea due to damp heat, erythema and leucorrhea, swelling and pain in the eyes, and pannus film on the eyes.
[usage and dosage] 6-12g. Suitable for external use, fry and wash the affected area.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of cortex Fraxini

1. the bark of ash containsAesculin a，AesculetinThe pre-test also contains alkaloids.
2. the bark of ash containsAesculin a，Aesculetin，Aesculin，Scopoletin Pavilion, 2,6-dimethoxy-p-phenylene and trace n-phenyl-2-naphthalene cavities
3. the bark of ash tree containsAesculetin，Aesculin。
4. the bark of Fraxinus sylvestris containsAesculetin，Aesculin a，Aesculin, syringin, salicin.

3、 Pharmacological effects of cortex Fraxini

1. the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intraperitoneal injection of salicin 10mg/kg in rats has inhibitory effects on gelatinous arthritis, dextran arthritis, serotonin arthritis and histamine arthritis, and the intensity of inhibition is 35, 28, 20 and 8%, respectively. It has also been reported that marmoside also has inhibitory effect on formaldehyde induced arthritis, but it is weaker than that of digitalis, while the inhibition on dextran induced arthritis is not obvious. Castanea mollissima bark also has inhibitory effect on gelatinous arthritis at high doses. .

2. effect on urine output and uric acid excretion in the early years, it was reported that aesculin has diuretic effect and can promote the excretion of uric acid in rabbits and rheumatic patients. In the experiments of rats and rabbits, various routes of administration of salidroside can enhance the excretion of uric acid. After intravenous injection of salicin in rabbits, the urine volume increased in the first half hour, and then the concentration of uric acid in blood increased. After half an hour, the urine volume gradually decreased, while the excretion of uric acid in urine increased. . According to the analysis, the action principle of uric acid excretion enhancement is that it excites the sympathetic nervous system; Moreover, salicin also has a direct effect on the kidney, that is, it inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid. The increase of uric acid concentration in blood is the result of the increase of uric acid production in liver. It has also been reported that salicin has no diuretic effect on normal rats, but has a significant diuretic effect on mice.

3. other effects the effects of salicin on other organs are generally not significant. . It also had no effect on the isolated small intestine, uterus, bladder, gallbladder and isolated frog heart of guinea pigs, as well as on the eutopic uterus, ear blood vessels of rabbits and lower limb blood vessels of toads; It also did not affect the blood flow of carotid and femoral arteries in rabbits. Castanopsin has mild pressor effect on rabbits, can also inhibit isolated toad heart and isolated rabbit intestine, slightly constrict the blood vessels of toad lower limbs, and slightly reduce the excitability of isolated toad gastrocnemius muscle. Qinpi Decoction also has some antibacterial and therapeutic effects on chronic tracheitis. The chemical structure of salicin is similar to that of dicoumarin, so it has some anti hemagglutination effects. Its 4% solution can absorb UV light, so it can protect the skin from the damage of sunlight.