1、
This product is the dried and mature fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla miq., a Zingiberaceae plant. The fruits are harvested when they turn from green to red in summer and autumn, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.
[character] the product is oval in shape, slightly pointed at both ends, 1.2 ~ 2cm long and 1 ~ 1.3cm in diameter. The surface is brown or grayish brown, with 13 ~ 20 longitudinal uneven protruding edges, perianth residues at the top, and fruit stalks often remain at the base. The pericarp is thin and slightly tough, close to the seeds, and the seeds are clustered into a mass. There is a septum in the middle, which divides the seed mass into 3 petals, with 6-11 seeds in each petal. The seed is irregular oblate, slightly blunt edged, about 3mm in diameter, with a grayish brown or grayish yellow surface and a light brown membranous aril outside; . It has a special aroma, pungent and slightly bitter.
[identification] (1) cross section of the seed: sometimes the parenchyma cells of the aril coat remain. The epidermal cells of seed coat are round, square or rectangular, slightly radially extended, and the wall is thicker; The lower skin is a row of parenchyma cells, containing yellowish brown substance; One row of oil cells, square or rectangular, containing yellow oil droplets; The pigment layer is a series of yellowish brown cells with 1-3 rows of large round like oil cells scattered among them, containing yellow oil droplets; The endocarp is a row of grid shaped thick walled cells, yellowish brown or reddish brown, with extremely thick inner and lateral walls, small lumen, containing siliceous blocks. . The endosperm cells were vaguely powdered and fatty oil droplets.
Powder yellowish brown. The epidermal cells of seed coat are long strip-shaped on the surface, with a diameter of about 29 μ m, and the wall is slightly thick, which is often vertically arranged with the upper and lower layers of the lower coat cells. The pigment layer cells are wrinkled, with unclear boundaries, containing reddish brown or dark brown substances, and often fragmented into irregular pigment patches. Oil cells are square, rectangular, or scattered among pigment layer cells. The sclerenchymal cells of the endoderm are yellowish brown or brown, polygonal on the surface, thick walled, non lignified, and contain siliceous masses in the lumen; . The ectosperm cells were filled with starch clumps formed by fine starch grains. The endosperm cells were vaguely powdered and fatty oil droplets.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 5ml of absolute ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Another 1g of Alpinia oxyphylla reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - acetone (5:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the total ash content shall not exceed 8.5% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 1.5% (general rule 2302).
[content determination] take the seeds of this product and determine according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204). The volatile oil content of the seeds of this product shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
Decoction pieces
[processing] Alpinia oxyphylla seed to remove impurities and shell. Mash when needed.
[identification] (1) the same as that of medicinal materials.
(2) .
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. Mash when needed.
This product is irregular oblate, slightly blunt edged, with a diameter of about 3mm. Its appearance is brown to dark brown, hard, and endosperm is white. It has a special aroma. It tastes pungent and slightly salty.
[identification] (1) it is the same as the medicinal material except for the transverse section.
(2) .
[inspection] the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen and kidney channels.
[functions and indications] warm the kidney, firm the essence, shrink the urine, warm the spleen, stop diarrhea and take saliva. .
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
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2、 Alpinia oxyphylla chemical composition

It contains 1% - 2% volatile oil, 55% Eucalyptus olein, zingiberene and gingerol. The irritating components of the peel include 1- (4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) -7-phenyl-3-heptanone, yakuchinone-b, trans-1- (4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) -7-phenylheqt-1-en-3one. It is rich in B vitamins and vitamin C, as well as trace elements such as manganese, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, etc.

3、 Pharmacological action of Alpinia oxyphylla

1. it can antagonize calcium activity.

2. it has cardiotonic effect.

3. it has anticancer and ileal contraction control effects.

4. the alcohol extract of Alpinia oxyphylla fruit has the effect of inhibiting prostaglandins.

5. Nootkatone 20mg/kg has obvious inhibitory effect on gastric ulcer in rats.

6. Yizhi can increase white blood cells in peripheral blood of mice.