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This product is the dried bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii miq., a lily plant. . The size is separated, and the larger one removes the core bud, which is commonly known as "scallop"; The small ones do not remove the core buds, which is often called "pearl shells". Rub them separately, remove the skin, mix with forged shell powder, absorb the wiped slurry, and dry; Or take the bulbs, separate them in size, wash them, remove the core buds, cut them into thick pieces while fresh, wash them, and dry them, which is commonly known as "Zhejiang shellfish slices".
[character] the scallop is a single petal scale leaf on the outer layer of the bulb, slightly crescent shaped, 1 ~ 2cm high, 2 ~ 3.5cm in diameter. The outer surface is white to light yellow, and the inner surface is white or light brown, covered with white powder. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with white to yellowish white section, rich in powder. The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.
The pearl oyster is a complete bulb, oblate in shape, 1-1.5cm high and 1-2.5cm in diameter. Its surface is white, and its outer scale leaves are 2 petals, plump, slightly kidney shaped, hugging each other, with 2-3 small scale leaves and dry shrunken stumps inside.
Fritillaria thunbergii is a slice cut from a single petal scale leaf on the outer layer of the bulb. Oval or quasi circular, 1-2cm in diameter, with yellowish edge surface, flat section and pink white. It is brittle and easy to break. The broken flour is white and rich in flour.
. There are many starch grains, single oval, broadly oval or oval, with a diameter of 6-56 μ m, and no obvious laminar lines. The epidermal cells are polygonal or rectangular in shape, with bead like thickening of the vertical peripheral wall; Stomata are rare, with 4-5 accessory guard cells. Calcium oxalate crystals are rare, small, mostly granular, and some are spindle, square, or thin rod-shaped. The conduit is mostly threaded, with a diameter of 18 μ M.
(2) Take 5g of this product powder, add 2ml of concentrated ammonia test solution and 20ml of chloroform, place it overnight, filter, take 8ml of filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of chloroform to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take the reference substance of peimine A and peimine B and add chloroform to make a mixed solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 ~ 20 μ l of the test solution and 10 μ l of the control solution, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate methanol concentrated ammonia test solution (17:2:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and spray with dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution. .
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 18.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 8.0%.
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Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; Evaporative light scattering detector detection. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 2000 ◦ according to the peak of peimine a
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Preparation of test solution take about 2G of powder (passing through No. 4 screen), accurately weigh it, put it in a flask, add 4ml of concentrated ammonia test solution to soak for 1 hour, precisely add 40ml of chloroform methanol (4:1) mixed solution, weigh it, mix it well, put it in an 80 ℃ water bath, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool it, weigh it again, add the above mixed solution to make up for the lost weight, and filter it. Accurately measure 10ml of the filtrate, evaporate it in an evaporating dish, add methanol to dissolve the residue, transfer it to a 2ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake well.
The determination method is to accurately suck 10 μ L and 20 μ l of the reference solution and 5 ～ 15 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph for determination, and calculate the content of peimine A and peimine B respectively with the external standard two-point logarithmic equation.
The total amount of peimine a (c27h45no3) and peimine B (c27h43no3) contained in this product shall not be less than 0.080% calculated as a dry product.
Decoction pieces
; Or break into pieces.
. Return to lung and heart meridian.
[functions and indications] clearing heat, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, detoxifying, dispersing and eliminating carbuncle. .
[usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
[note] it should not be used with Aconitum carmichaeli, Radix Aconiti carmichaeli, Radix Aconiti carmichaeli and aconite.
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2、 Chemical constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii

Bulb contains Zhejiang Fritillaria alkaloid, i.ePeimine a, dehydrogenated Fritillaria base i.ePeimine B, zhebenin, zheberin C, oberin B, zhebenone,Peimucin, isofritillaria thunbergii base, Fritillaria thunbergii base-n-oxide, dehydrogenated Fritillaria thunbergii base-n-oxide, 11-deoxy-6-oxo-5 α, 6-dihydrosinafenamine, 12, 13-epoxy-11-deoxy-6-oxo-5 α, 6-dihydro-n, o-diacetyl sinafenamine, 3 β, 17, 23 α - trihydroxy-6-oxo-n -, O (3) - diacetyl-12, 13 epoxy 22s, 25s, 5 α - veratrine, choline and other alkaloids. It also contains Fritillaria thunbergii base glycoside, Zhejiang Baining glycosides, fritillitol,β - sitosterol, carotene,Podophyllotoxin. The aerial part contains alkaloids: fritillonidine, isoprimonidine,Peimine aandPeimine BIt also contains solanide 3-O - α - l-rhamnopyranosyl - (1 → 2) - β - d-glucopyranoside, i.e. β 1-chacine, solanide 3-O - α - l-rhamnopyranosyl - (1 → 2) - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 4)] - β - d-glucopyranoside.

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1. antitussive: 4mg/kg of Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloid and dehydrogenated Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloid by gavage can inhibit ammonia induced cough in mice. 4mg/kg subcutaneous injection also has antitussive effect on cough induced by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in anesthetized cats.

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3. effect on central nervous system: subcutaneous injection of Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloid and dehydrogenated Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloid 2mg/kg reduced the spontaneous activity of mice. Intragastric administration of 4mg/kg prolonged the sleep time of mice caused by pentobarbital sodium. Subcutaneous injection of 2mg/kg showed analgesic effect on mice by acetic acid writhing test.

4. other effects: the various pharmacological effects of Fritillaria alkaloids and dehydrogenated Fritillaria alkaloids are quite similar. 1: ; 10mg/kg is given intravenously to anesthetized cats, which has hypotensive effect. 5mg/kg was injected intravenously into rabbits, showing a moderate increase in blood glucose; When 10mg/kg, intravenous injection to anesthetized cats can reduce blood pressure. 5mg/kg was injected intravenously into rabbits, showing a moderate increase in blood glucose; At 10mg/kg, the patients presented with limb weakness, ataxia and tremor; The minimum lethal dose of intravenous injection in mice was 9mg/kg for both. Peimine glycoside has a stronger antihypertensive effect than peimine A. 2mg injection into the left coronary artery of open cell dogs can increase coronary blood flow.