1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Elsholtzia chinensis
This product is the dry aboveground part of Mosla chinensis maxim. or Mosla chinensis' jiangxiangru '. The former is known as "Elsholtzia chinensis" and the latter is known as "Elsholtzia chinensis". In summer, when the stems and leaves are luxuriant and the flowers are in full bloom, they are picked and cut on a sunny day to remove impurities and dry in the shade.
[character] Elsholtzia chinensis is 30 ~ 50cm long, with purple red base, yellowish green or light yellow upper part, and densely covered with white hairs. The stem is square columnar, the base is round, the diameter is 1 ～ 2mm, the nodes are obvious, and the internode is 4 ～ 7cm long; it is brittle and easy to break. The leaves are opposite, mostly shrunk or shed, and the leaves are long ovate or lanceolate after flattening, dark green or yellowish green, with 3-5 sparse shallow serrations on the edge. ; Calyx persistent, bell shaped, light purple red or gray green, apex 5-lobed, densely pubescent. Nutlets 4, 0.7-1.1mm in diameter, nearly spherical, reticulate. The smell is light and strong, and the taste is pungent and cool.
Elsholtzia chinensis is 55 ～ 66cm long. Its surface is yellowish green and soft. There are 5 ~ 9 sparse shallow serrations on the edge. The diameter of the fruit is 0.9 ～ 1.4mm, and the surface has sparse reticulation.
[identification] (1) the leaf surface of Elsholtzia splendens: the upper epidermal cells are polygonal, and the vertical circumferential wall is curved and slightly thickened; The cell wall of the lower epidermis is not thickened, and the stomata are straight axis, and the lower epidermis is more. The glandular scale has 8 cells in its head, about 36-80 μ m in diameter, and a single cell in its stalk. . Small glandular hairs are rare, with round or oblong head, 1-2 cells, very short stalk, 1-2 cells.
The glandular scale of the upper epidermis of Elsholtzia splendens is about 90 μ m in diameter, the stalk is single-cell, and the non glandular hairs are mostly composed of 2-3 cells, the lower cells are longer than the upper cells, the verrucous protrusions are not obvious, the non glandular hair base podocytes are 5-6, and the vertical peripheral wall is Beaded thickened.
(2) Take the volatile oil under [content determination] and add ether to make a solution containing 3 μ l per 1ml as the test solution. In addition, thymol reference substance and kaempferol reference substance were added with ether to prepare 1mg solution per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate respectively, use toluene as the developing agent, develop them with an exhibition distance of more than 15cm, take them out, dry them, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat them at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
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[content determination] take an appropriate amount of volatile oil from a short segment of about 1cm of this product and determine it according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.60% (ml/g).
Thyme sprinkling and ambrosia sprinkling were determined by gas chromatography (general rule 0521).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test polyethylene glycol (PEG) -20m was used as the stationary liquid, the coating concentration was 10%, and the column temperature was 190 ℃. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 1700 according to the thymol peak.
Preparation of reference solution take appropriate amount of thymol reference substance and carvacrol reference substance, weigh accurately, and add absolute ethanol to make solutions containing 0.3mg per 1ml respectively.
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Determination method precisely suck 2 μ l of the reference solution and 2 μ l of the test solution into the gas chromatograph for determination.
The total amount of thymol (C10H14O) and carvacrol (C10H14O) in this product shall not be less than 0.16% according to the calculation of dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove residual roots and impurities and cut into sections.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, mild. Return to lung and stomach channels.
. It is used to treat cold due to heat dampness, aversion to cold and fever, headache without sweat, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, edema, and urination.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Elsholtzia splendens

1. the whole herb of Mosla chinensis contains 0.10% of volatile oil, containingCarvacrol10.15%, α - trans bergamotene 10.90%, β - syringene 10. 93%, thymol 9.82%, humulene 11.83%, β - myrrhene 12.64%, 4-terpineol 7.19%, γ - Terpinene 4.35%, p-cymene 4.06%, α - phellandrene 3.59%, β - pinene 3.09%, camphene 2.62%, α - pinene 2.29%.

2. the whole herb of Mosla chinensis contains 2% of volatile oil, includingCarvacrol71.64%, p-cymene 10.10%, p-isopropylbenzene 5.28%, α - Terpinene 1.23%, thymol 1.40%, humulene 1.36%, β - farnesene 0.25%, limonene 0.15%.

. It also contains 6-methyl33decane, 13 cyclohexyl hexadecane,β - sitosterol， ,palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,Ursolic acid，5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydroflavone, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxydihydroflavone-7-o - α - D-galactopyranoside, Robinia pseudoacacia-7-o - β - D-glucose.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Elsholtzia chinensis

Volatile oil has broad-spectrum antibacterial and bactericidal effects, and can directly inhibit influenza virus.

1. antiviral effect: at the concentration of 1:20, the Haizhou Elsholtzia chinensis decoction can inhibit the virus echo11 strain.

2. bacteriostatic effect: the volatile oil of this product has bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The diameter of the inhibition zone at the concentration of 1:200-1:1000 was 9mm when measured by plate drilling method. Its water decoction also had antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The diameter of the inhibition zone was 15mm when the concentration was 1:1.25 and 9mm when the concentration was 1:1.25-1:0.16 when measured by plate drilling method. The volatile oil of Elsholtzia chinensis had strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, diplococcus meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, etc.

3. effect on isolated intestinal smooth muscle: Elsholtzia volatile oil has a strong direct inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction activity of isolated ileum of mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits, but its sensitivity to animals of different species is different. In contrast, it has a strong inhibitory effect on the ileum of guinea pigs and rabbits, with a half effective amount of 3.6 and 7.6 μ g/ml, respectively, while it has a slightly weaker effect on rats and mice, with a half effective amount of 14.2 and 35.1 μ g/ml. It can antagonize the allergic contraction of guinea pig ileum caused by egg white and barium chloride.