1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fenugreek
This product is the dried mature seed of legume Trigonella foenum graecum L. In summer, when the fruit is ripe, the plants are harvested, dried in the sun, and the seeds are planted to remove impurities.
. It is hard and not easy to break. The seed coat is thin, and the endosperm is translucent and viscous; Cotyledons 2, pale yellow, radicle curved, hypertrophic and long. It smells fragrant and tastes slightly bitter.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is brownish yellow. There is one row of epidermal grid cells, the outer wall and the upper part of the lateral wall are thicker, with fine and dense longitudinal grooves, and the lower part of the cell cavity is larger, with a bright band; On the surface, it is polygonal, with thicker walls and smaller cell cavities. ; On the bottom, it is quasi circular or hexagonal, with dense radial stripe thickening, like chrysanthemum pattern, and obvious cell cavity. The cotyledon cells showed vague powder particles and fatty oil droplets.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 30ml of petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃), sonicate for 30 minutes, stand still, discard the supernatant, volatilize the residue, add 30ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take the trigonelline reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
(3) Take the test solution under [identification] (2) and dilute it to 10ml with methanol as the test solution. Another 0.1g of fenugreek reference drug was taken and prepared into the reference drug solution according to the preparation method of test solution in [identification] (2). Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same polyamide film respectively, use ethanol butanone acetylacetone water (3:3:1:13) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum chloride test solution, heat with hot air for 5 minutes, and view under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
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Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 1.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), the use of dilute ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 18.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 265nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 4000 according to the trigonelline peak.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of trigonelline reference, weigh accurately, add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 60 μ g per 1ml.
Preparation of the test solution take about 0.5g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, add 50ml of 50% methanol precisely, plug tightly, weigh, place for 1 hour, sonicate (power 300W, frequency 50KHz) for 45 minutes, cool, plug tightly, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The content of trigonelline (C7H7NO2) in this product shall not be less than 0.45% according to the dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] fenugreek is cleaned and dried to remove impurities.
[character], [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
Take the fenugreek with salt, stir fry it according to the salted water roasting method (general rule 0213) until it is bulging, slightly scorched, and when there is aroma overflow, take it out and cool it. Mash when needed.
This product is shaped like fenugreek, and its surface is yellowish brown to brown, with occasional scorched spots. .
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 11.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 7.5%.
[identification], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, warm. Return to kidney meridian.
. It is used for deficiency of kidney yang, deficiency and cold of lower yuan, cold and pain of lower abdomen, cold hernia and abdominal pain, cold and damp beriberi.
[usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Fenugreek

The seeds contain gentianine, papain, cholineTrigonellineOther alkaloids, saponins are mainlyDiosgenin, yam sapogenin, a small amount of Geniposide and trace amount of tigogenin. Yet isolatedVitexin, vitexin-7-glucoside, orientin or isoorientin arabinoside, flavone glucose rhamnoside,quercetin 、LuteolinAnd other flavonoids.

The general composition of seeds is: moisture 10.30%, ash 3.15%, fat 7.61%, total protein 16.97%, total sugar 3.68%, cellulose 6.4%, hemicellulose 11.98%. The solid fatty acids, volatile fatty acids and unsaponifiable components in fatty oil were 92.9%, 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively; Lecithin 6.25%, phytosterol 0.5%. Fatty acids are mainly linoleic acid andpalmitic acid. 55% of the protein is nuclear protein. The total sugar is mainly galactose with mannan, and also contains vitamin b1-320 micrograms%.

The leaves contain about 43 mg% ascorbic acid. The whole grass is also rich in calcium, iron, carotene, etc.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fenugreek

Trigonelline is generally considered to have no pharmacological effect; However, it has also been reported that it can reduce the time value of nerve in neuromuscular specimens, and then increase the time value of muscle. The oil of the seed contains prolactin, which does not contain iodine, nitrogen and sulfur, and has no sex hormone like effect. The degreased seed contains 50% of the non digestible mucilage, so it has some diarrhea causing effects. The seeds also have a mild effect of repelling intestinal nematodes.