1、
This product is the dried immature fruit of the Rutaceae plant citrus aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties. The peel is harvested when it is still green in July, cut into two halves from the middle, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.
[properties] this product is hemispherical in shape, with a diameter of 3 ~ 5cm. The exocarp is brown to brown, with granular protrusions, and the top of the protrusion has a concave oil chamber; There are obvious style remnants or fruit stem marks. On the cut surface, the mesocarp is yellowish white, smooth and slightly uplifted, 0.4 ～ 1.3cm thick, with 1 ～ 2 rows of oil chambers scattered on the edge, 7 ～ 12 petals of pulp sac, a few to 15 petals, the juice sac shrinks brown to brown, and contains seeds. . It has a light fragrance and a bitter, slightly sour taste.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish white or brownish yellow. Mesocarp cells were round or irregular in shape, and most of the walls were unevenly thickened. The epidermal cells of pericarp are polygonal, square or rectangular in appearance, with stomatal rings, 16-34 μ m in diameter, and 5-9 accessory guard cells; Lateral view of the cuticle. The juice sac tissue was yellowish or colorless, and the cells were mostly shrunk, and staggered with the underlying cells. . The threaded duct, reticulated duct and tracheid are fine.
(2) Take 0.2g of this product powder, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take naringin reference substance and neohesperidin reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), absorb 10 μ l of the above test solution and 20 μ l of the control solution, respectively, onto the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the lower solution of chloroform methanol water (13:6:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air, spray with 3% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ for about 5 minutes, and put it under the ultraviolet light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are fluorescent spots of the same color at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (general rule 2302).
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile water (20:80) (adjust the pH value to 3 with phosphoric acid) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 283nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the naringin peak.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of naringin reference substance and neohesperidin reference substance, weigh accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 80 μ g of naringin and neohesperidin per 1ml respectively.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.2g of crude powder of the product, weigh it accurately, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50ml of methanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1.5 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, and filter it. Accurately measure 10ml of the filtrate, put it into a 25ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake well.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
Calculated as a dry product, the content of naringin (c27h32o14) shall not be less than 4.0%, neohesperidin (c28h34o15) shall not be less than 3.0%
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities from citrus aurantium, wash it, moisten it thoroughly, cut it into thin slices, and sift off the broken pulp core after drying.
This product is irregular arc-shaped strip flake. On the cut surface, the exocarp is brownish brown to brown, the mesocarp is yellowish white to yellowish brown, and there are 1-2 rows of punctate oil chambers near the outer edge, and a few purplish brown pulp capsules on the inner side.
[identification], [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
Stir fry Fructus aurantii with bran, take pieces of Fructus aurantii, stir fry according to the bran stir fry method (general rule 0213) until the color turns dark. .
[identification], [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, pungent, sour, slightly cold. Return to spleen and stomach meridian.
[functions and indications] regulate qi in a wide range, and conduct stagnation and reduce inflation. It is used for chest and flank qi stagnation, fullness and pain, indigestion of food accumulation, phlegm and drink stopping, and organ sagging.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
[note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.
Note: cultivated varieties mainly include citrus aurantium 'Huangpi', citrus aurantium 'Daidai', citrus aurantium 'chuluan', citrus aurantium 'Tangcheng'.

2、 Chemical constituents of Fructus aurantii Immaturus

All kinds of Fructus aurantii contain volatile oil and flavone glycosides. The peel of immature fruits of DAIDAIDAI flower containsNeohesperidin（Neohesperidin）； When the fruit is ripe,NeohesperidinDisappear andNaringin(naringin) increased. The near mature lime fruit contains vitamin c36.6-82.1 mg /100 G. The same alkaloid like substance was isolated from citrus aurantium and citric orange. Its hydrochloride salt is white prismatic crystal, soluble in water, melting point 215 ～ 216 degrees, showing purple fluorescence under a fluorescent lamp, [α] d=0 ℃ (water). The outer peel of the mature fruit of sour orange contains 1.5% - 2.5% of the volatile oil (orange peel oil), which is orange yellow. The oil mainly contains about 90% of d-limonene, and a small amount of decanal, citrus aldehyde, citronellal, methyl anthranilateLinalool. in additionHesperidin (hesperidin）、Naringin（naringin）、Neohesperidin（meohesperidin）， The bitter ingredient aurantiamrin is 1.5% - 2.5%, aurantiamaric acid is about 0.1%, and the bitter resin also contains p-hydroxyfolin（Synephrine ， Synephrine) and n-methyltyramine.

3、

1. it has obvious pressor effect, lasts for a long time, and has less reflex heart rate slowing and rhythm disturbance; The blood flow of coronary artery, brain and kidney increased significantly, vascular resistance decreased, myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rate did not increase significantly; Muscle and skin blood vessels have increased resistance and decreased blood flow, which is conducive to improving the blood supply of vital organs in shock. . See the principle of pressure rise under "Fructus aurantii Immaturus" for details. According to clinical reports, Fructus aurantii Immaturus injection was used in 94 cases of various types of shock (with other anti shock measures, but without other vasopressors). 74.5% of cases had significant vasopressor effect, 22.3% had transient effect, and 13 cases of cases with significant effect were those who used dopamine, alamin, norepinephrine and could not maintain blood pressure.

2. decoction, tincture of Fructus aurantii Immaturus and Fructus aurantii Immaturus flow extract have short-term urinary inhibition while increasing hypertension and reducing kidney volume in anesthetized dogs.

3. Fructus aurantii Immaturus and Fructus aurantii Immaturus have anti allergic effects and can inhibit the release of allergic mediators.