1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Peucedanum praeruptorum
This product is the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, an Umbelliferae plant. From winter to next spring, when the stems and leaves wither or the flowers and stems are not drawn, dig them, remove the fibrous roots, wash them, dry them in the sun or at low temperature.
[properties] the product is irregular cylindrical, conical or spindle shaped, slightly twisted, and often has branches at the lower part, 3 ~ 15cm long and 1 ~ 2cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown or grayish yellow, and there are many stem marks and fibrous leaf sheath residues at the root head, dense fine ring lines at the upper end, and longitudinal grooves, longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticel like protrusions at the lower part. The texture is soft, dry and hard, and can be broken. The cross section is irregular, yellowish white. There are many brownish yellow oil spots scattered on the skin, forming a layer of circular brown, radial. It is fragrant, slightly bitter and pungent.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: the cork layer is 10 ~ 20 rows of flat cells. The oil pipes near the inner layer of the bolt are sparsely arranged in a round. ; The oil tubes are many, quasi circular, scattered, and the phloem rays are mostly curved near the cortex. Cambium ring. Xylem large vessels and small vessels are arranged alternately; The wood ray is 2-10 rows wide with scattered oil tubes; Wood fibers are rare. Parenchyma cells contain starch granules.
(2) . In addition, take Peucedanum praeruptorum a reference substance and Peucedanum praeruptorum B reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate respectively, use petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - ethyl acetate (3:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 2.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 20.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (75:25) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 321nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of Peucedanum praeruptorum a.
Preparation of reference solution take appropriate amount of Peucedanum praeruptorum a reference and Peucedanum praeruptorum B reference, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 50 μ g per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of chloroform precisely, close the stopper, weigh, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 33khz) for 10 minutes, cool, weigh again, use trichloromethane to make up for the lost weight, shake well, and filter; Accurately measure 5ml of the filtrate, evaporate it to dryness, add methanol to dissolve the residue and transfer it to a 25ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake well.
The determination method is to precisely suck l0 μ l each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the dry product, the content of peucedane a (c21h22o7) shall not be less than 0.90%, and the content of peucedane B (c24h2607) shall not be less than 0.24%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] peucedans remove impurities, wash, moisten, slice, and dry.
This product is shaped like a round or irregular sheet. . The cut surface is yellowish white to light yellow, with most brownish yellow oil spots scattered on the skin, and a brown ring and radial texture can be seen. It is fragrant, slightly bitter and pungent.
[inspection] the total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 6.0%.
[identification] (except the cross-section) [inspection] (moisture) [extract] [content determination] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
Take Peucedanum praeruptorum tablets and stir fry them according to the honey roasting method (general rule 0213) until they are not sticky.
This product is shaped like peucedans, with a yellowish brown surface, a little luster and moisture. It tastes slightly sweet.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 13.0%.
[identification] (except the cross section) [inspection] (total ash acid insoluble ash)
[extract] [content determination] is the same as that of medicinal materials
. Return to lung meridian.
[functions and indications] reduce Qi and dissipate phlegm, disperse wind and clear away heat. It is used for asthma due to phlegm heat, slightly yellow and thick phlegm, and cough due to wind heat.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
.

2、 Chemical constituents of Peucedanum praeruptorum

1. coumarin compounds in the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum: racemicImperatorin aNamely, PD, IA, B, namely pd- Ⅱ d-imperatorin CPraeruptorinDandPraeruptorinE, d-white IB (PD IB), Ⅲ (pd- Ⅲ), the former is D-3 ′ (R) - angelinoyloxy-4 ′ - keto-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydroartemisinin [3 ′ (R) - angeloyloxy-4 ′ - keto-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydroseselin], the latter is D-3 (s) - angelinoyloxy-4 ′ - (s) - isovaleryloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydroseselin),Apigenin（pteryxin)， Peucedanocoumarin ⅠWhite flower Peucedanum essenceⅡ、White flower Peucedanum essenceⅢ, qianhucoumarin a,Psoralen（Psoralen)，Bergamot lactone（5-methoxy psoralen)，Zanthoxylin（8-methoxy psoralen)， LevorotatoryPeucedanol（peucedanol)； Coumarin glycosides:Praeruptorin（nodakenin)， Marmesinin,Icariin（skimmin)， Target aroma coumarin glucoside, isorutarin,Scopoletin（scoploin)，PraerosideⅠ、PraerosideⅡ、PraerosideⅢ、PraerosideIV andPraeroside,Coriander taro glucoside（apiosylskimmin)； Others:D-Mannitol（D-mannitol)，β - sitosterol（βsitosterol)， Galactitol,CaroteneDaucosterol and PD saponin Ⅴ (3-O - α - l-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin-28-o - β - Gentiobioside).

2. the roots of Peucedanum purpureum contain coumarin compounds:Praeruptorin（decur-sidin)， Praeruptorin C-I (pd-c-i), namely 3 ′ (s) - (3methyl-2-butenoyloxy) -4 ′ (R) - hydroxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide [3 ′ (s) -senecioyloxy-4 ′ (R) -hydroxy-3 ′, 4 ′ -dihydroxanthhyletin], praeruptorin C Ⅱ (pd-c-ii), namely 3 ′ (s) - hydroxy-4 ′ (R -) - (3-methyl-2-butenoyloxy) - 3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide [3 ′ (s) -hydroxy 3 ′....the main reason for the formation of praeruptorin C Ⅱ is to be discussed..the mechanism of praeruptorin C Ⅱ is to be further studied, Praeruptorin C-IV (pd-c-iv) is 3 ′ (s) - acetoxy-4 ′ (R) - (3-methyl-2-enoyloxy) - 3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide [3 ′ (s) -acetoxy-4 ′ (R) -senecioyloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ -dihydroxanthyletin], praeruptorin C-V (pd-c-v) is 3 ′ (s) - acetoxy-4 ′ (R) - isovaleryloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide (3 ′ (s) -etoxy-4 ′ (R) - isovaleryloxy-3 ′ - 4 ′ - Di hydroxyletin] and 3 ′ (s) - acetoxy-4 ′ (R) - angelioyloxy-3 ′, An equal amount mixture of 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide [3 ′ - (s) - acetoxy-4 ′ (R) - angeloyloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrox antihyletin], praeruptorin Ⅰ (ad- Ⅰ), namely 3 (s) - angelinoyloxy-4 ′ (R) - isovaleryloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydrozantholide [3 ′ (s) - angeloy-loxy-4 ′ - (s) - isovaleryloxy-3 ′, 4 ′ - dihydroxanthiletin],Zihuaqianhu aglycone(nodakenetin) and citrus lactone; Coumarin glycosides:Praeruptorin, peucedanoside ⅠPeucedanoside from purple flower Peucedanum praeruptorum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureⅡ、Peucedanoside from purple flower Peucedanum praeruptorum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureⅢ、Peucedanoside from purple flower Peucedanum praeruptorum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureIV andPeucedanoside from purple flower Peucedanum praeruptorum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureum l.var.purpureⅤ; Saponins: PD saponin ⅠSaikosaponinⅡ、SaikosaponinⅢ、SaikosaponinIV. andSaikosaponinⅤ。

3、

1. calcium knot antagonist effect: the ethanol extract of Peucedanum praeruptorum L. antagonizes the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum caused by acetylcholine and histamine, which is stronger than water extract or butanol extract. This effect is non competitive. Peucedanum praeruptorum a can noncompetitively relieve the ileal contraction caused by acetylcholine, but also inhibit the contractile effect of K depolarization in guinea pig colonic band caused by the influx of extracellular Ca2 +, and inhibit the entry of 45 Ca2 + into smooth muscle. Peucedanum praeruptorum a, pd-c- Ⅱ and pd-c- Ⅲ could inhibit the release of allergic mediators from rat mast cells induced by ConA and phosphatidylserine, with IC50 of 79, 100, 102 μ m, respectively.

2. effect on platelet aggregation: nodakenin and nodakenetin have a strong inhibitory effect on primary and secondary platelet aggregation caused by oil 2 μ mol/ladp. PD CV and PD IA (i.e. peucedane a) can promote primary hemagglutination.

3. expectorant effect: using the method of collecting respiratory tract secretion from anesthetized cats, oral administration of Qianhu Decoction 1g/kg can increase respiratory tract secretion, indicating that it has expectorant effect, and the action time is long.

4. coronary artery dilation: praeruptorin can increase the coronary flow, but does not affect the heart rate and cardiac contractility. Peucedanum praeruptorum (E) has anti hypoxia effect on mice.
Praeruptorin (pd- ⅲ) inhibited left atrial contractility in a concentration dependent manner in isolated guinea pig hearts with an IC50 of 49 μ M; It can shorten the functional refractory period in a concentration dependent manner; When the final concentration was 10 μ m, it had a significant inhibitory effect on the right atrial automaticity and the positive frequency of CaCl2. The positive frequency effect of isoproterenol was noncompetitive antagonism, and pd'2 was 4.8, but it had no effect on the ectopic automaticity induced by epinephrine. The final concentration of 5-50 μ m had no effect on left atrial excitability. Clinically, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy took pd- ⅲ 90mg/ day orally for 2 weeks, and the myocardial compliance was improved to some extent. For isolated rabbit aortic strips, pd- Ⅲ could noncompetitively inhibit the contraction induced by depolarization of CaCl2 and high potassium, with IC50 of 5.30 and 6.37 μ m, pd'2 of 4.9 and 5.0, respectively. The final concentration of 1 or 10 μ m could inhibit 5-HT-INDUCED extrinsic calcium contraction, but did not affect extrinsic calcium contraction and norepinephrine induced contraction; 5-50 μ M can inhibit the contraction ladder phenomenon of guinea pig left atrium in a concentration dependent manner. . The IC50 ratio of pd- Ⅲ inhibiting blood vessels to heart was 1:8, suggesting that pd- Ⅲ has a selective vasodilator effect. . However, the methanol extract has slow onset, long duration, slightly weak intensity, and does not cause changes in blood pressure; The n-butanol extract has the advantages of fast onset, short duration and high intensity, which can increase the coronary blood flow and reduce blood pressure at the same time.