1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fagopyrum tataricum
This product is the dried rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) ham, a Polygonaceae plant. Excavate in winter, remove stems and fibrous roots, wash and dry.
[properties] the product is irregular clumps or columns, often with tumor like branches, and some stem residues at the top, 3 ~ 15cm long and 1 ~ 4cm in diameter. The surface is brown, with transverse links and longitudinal wrinkles, densely dotted with punctate lenticels, and concave circular root marks and residual fibrous roots. It is hard and not easy to break. The section is yellowish white or light brownish red, with radial texture, and the central medulla is dark. The breath is slight and the taste is slightly astringent.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is light brown. There are many starch granules, which are spherical, oval or ovoid in shape, with a diameter of 5-48 µ M. the umbilicus is punctate, star shaped, crevicular or bird shaped, located in the center or at one end. Laminations can be seen in large granules; Compound granules are composed of 2-4 fractions; . Wood fibers are in bundles, with a diameter of 10-38 µ m, and single diagonal or cross shaped pits. The diameter of calcium oxalate cluster crystals is 10-62 µ M. the wood parenchyma cells are square or oval, with a diameter of 28-37 µ m and a length of about 100 µ M. the wall is slightly thick, and sparse pits can be seen. The diameter of the marginal pit conduit and reticulate conduit is 21-83 µ M.
(2) Take 2.5G of this product, add 20ml of methanol, place for 1 hour, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 5ml as the test solution. Another 1g of Fagopyrum tataricum reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. . According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5-10 µ l of the test solution, 5 µ l of the control medicinal material solution and 5 µ l of the control solution, respectively, and dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use toluene ethyl acetate methanol formic acid (1:2:0.2:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 25% phosphomolybdic acid ethanol solution, heat at 110 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
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[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 14.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.004% phosphoric acid solution (10:90); .
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of epicatechin reference, weigh accurately, add mobile phase to make a solution containing 25 µ g per 1ml.
Elute, collect the eluent, concentrate under reduced pressure (50 ～ 70 ℃) to near dryness, The residue is dissolved with acetonitrile water (10:90) mixed solution, transferred to a 10ml volumetric flask, diluted to the scale with acetonitrile water (10:90) mixed solution, and shaken well.
The determination method is to precisely suck 20 µ l of the reference solution and 20 µ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The epicatechin (c15h14o6) content of this product shall not be less than 0.030% calculated as a dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
This product is irregular thick film. The outer skin is brown, or sometimes falls off. . The breath is slight and the taste is slightly astringent.
[content determination] the content of epicatechin (c15h14o6) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.020%.
[identification], [inspection], [extract] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] slightly pungent, astringent and cool. Return to lung meridian.
[functions and indications] clear away heat and toxin, expel pus and remove blood stasis. It is used for lung carbuncle and purulence, lung heat and cough, swelling and pain of milk moth.
[usage and dosage] 15-45g, stewed with water or yellow rice wine.
[storage] put it in a dry place to prevent mold and moth.

2、 Chemical constituents of Fagopyrum tataricum

The rhizome contains dimeric procyani DIN,Haike sapogenin（hecogenin），β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）， Tannin and a hydrolysateP-hydroxyphenylacrylic acid（p－coumaric acid）、Ferulic acid(ferulic acid) and glucoside of glucose. Also containsEpicatechin（epicatechin）， 3-galloyl epicatechin, procyanidin B-2, B-4 and 3,3 '- digalloylprocyanidin of procyanidin B-2.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fagopyrum tataricum

1. anticancer effect Fagopyrum tataricum root decoction 20g (crude drug) / (kg · d) and 13.3g (crude drug) / (kg · d) were gavaged for 10 days, which had significant inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer and cervical cancer U14 in mice. The curative effect of female mice was better than that of male mice. Using mouse renal subcapsular transplantation (SRCA), the volume changes of lung cancer tissues before and after transplantation were compared to predict and evaluate the anticancer effects of golden buckwheat extract gold E and CD1. From 1 to 5 days after SRCA, mice were orally administered with gold e or CD1 for five consecutive times at a dose of 100mg / kg each time. The test results showed that the effective ratio of gold E and CD1 was 4 / 0 and 2 / l0, and the sensitivity of lung squamous cell carcinoma to gold e treatment was higher than that of other tissue types of lung cancer. Fagopyrum cymosum rootin (FCR) is a kind of comprehensive tannin mixture proposed from Fagopyrum cymosum root. At a concentration of 125 μ g per 1ml, the inhibitory rates of Fagopyrum cymosum rootin on the growth of lung adenocarcinoma (GLC), cervical squamous cell carcinoma Hela, nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (KB) cells were 84.5%, 78.9%, 100%, respectively, which damaged the membrane, RNA, DNA metabolism and nuclear division of cancer cells. It was also found that FCR significantly inhibited the clonogenesis of human cancer cells (GLC, HeLa, KB and gastric adenocarcinoma cell SGC), and the inhibition rate was proportional to the concentration. At a low concentration of 12.5 μ g / ml, the inhibition rates were glc89.7%, hela53.8%, sgc65.4%, k-linked killer cell method, colony culture inhibition method and DNA precursor incorporation method. . The extract from the root of Fagopyrum tataricum has obvious anticancer effect, and its concentration of 0.1g / L and 0.05g / l can inhibit the colony inhibition rate of a variety of cancer cells to 100%. The inhibition rate was 75.1% - 89.2% at the concentration of 0.0125g / L. .

2. bacteriostatic effect buckwheat has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the effect of drunk agent is greater than that of water agent [7]. It was also reported that Fagopyrum tataricum and its isolated parts had no antibacterial effect in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of Fagopyrum tataricum extract 83mg/kg at different periods before infection had obvious protective effect on mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, but the drug had no protective effect at the same time or after infection.

3. other effects 83mg / kg of Fagopyrum tataricum extract injected intraperitoneally could enhance the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in mice, but the total number of macrophages did not increase. Oral administration of Fagopyrum tataricum extract in rabbits with fever caused by triple vaccine has antipyretic effect, while oral administration of Fagopyrum tataricum extract in mice has slight antitussive effect.

4. after oral administration of 100mg / kg of toxic Fagopyrum tataricum extract gold E group for 5 consecutive days, the animal weight and spleen weight were significantly reduced compared with the control group. If the dose was increased to 500mg/kg, the spleen weight was significantly reduced.