1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Hypericum perforatum
This product is the dry aboveground part of Hypericum perforatum L., a plant of garciniaceae. Harvest in summer and autumn when flowering, dry in the shade or dry at low temperature.
[character] the stem of this product is cylindrical, 10 ~ 100cm long, multi branched, with a longitudinal edge on both sides of the stem and branches, thin twigs, opposite to the axils of leaves. . Cymes terminal, yellow flowers, 5 sepals and petals, oblong or lanceolate, with black gland spots on the edge; Stamens are numerous, with 3 bundles of connexion and 3 styles. It is slightly bitter and astringent.
; The epidermal cells under the leaves are polygonal, the vertical walls are wavy, slightly beaded and thickened, and the stomata are flat axis or adventitious. The black glandular dots are composed of a mass of secretory cells with red cell contents; The translucent glandular dots are secretory sac structures, which are composed of a layer of epithelial cells surrounded by circular lacunae, containing oil.
(2) . Another 0.1g of Hypericum perforatum reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin layer chromatography (general rule 0502), absorb 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate respectively, develop them with ethyl acetate formic acid (25:1) as the developing agent, take them out, and immediately put them under the UV light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
(3) Take hyperin reference substance and rutin reference substance, and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml respectively as the reference substance solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of the test solution and the above reference solution under item (2) of [identification], respectively, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate formic acid water (8:1:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 5% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, and inspect under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (16:84); .
Preparation of reference solution take a proper amount of hyperin reference, weigh accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 32 μ g per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.4g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 50ml of 60% ethanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 60% ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
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. Return to liver meridian.
. It is used for liver qi depression, emotional disorder, depressed heart and chest, joint swelling and pain, breast carbuncle, and lack of milk.
[usage and dosage] 2 ～ 3G.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Hypericum perforatum

D-Mannitol, diisobutyl phthalate, (7E,6R,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one,(6S,9R)-roseoside,2,6-dim-ethoxy-4-hydroquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,syringate4-O-β-glucopyranoside,Hypericin,Hypericin perforate，Pseudo hypericin, isohypericin,Protohypericin，Protopseudohypericin，quercetin ，Luteolin，Hyperin，Quercitrin, isoquercetin,rutin，Amentoflavone， skyrin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,(R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid-1 '- glycerol ester.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Hypericum perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum l.var.perforatum

1. antidepressant effect   It can relieve restlessness, irritability, depression, sleepiness, anorexia, depression, insomnia, constipation, psychomotor disorder, inferiority complex and other symptoms.

2. the therapeutic effect of trauma and burn    
It has antibacterial and wound treatment effects. It is more effective than sulfonamide in wide application. An ointment containing the extract of Hypericum perforatum flower can shorten the time of burn treatment and show antiseptic effect. According to the report, after using this ointment, the first degree burn was cured within 48 hours, while the second to third degree burn was cured three times faster than the traditional method, and there was no scar formation.
Further research reported that a freeze-dried Hypericum perforatum preparation can inhibit inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in vivo. Hypericum perforatum oil is used commercially as a sunscreen.

3. antiviral effect  
The two compounds isolated from this plant strongly inhibited various retroviruses in vitro and in vivo. After in vivo administration, these compounds react quickly with infected virus particles, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of disease. The preliminary in vitro test of pseudohypericin showed that it can reduce the spread of HIV. Within 1D of infection, the compound was still effective when administered orally or intraperitoneally. These compounds directly inactivate the virus, or interfere with the aggregated virus particles and their assembly, and can cross the blood-brain barrier (which is particularly important for HIV infection). And it can completely cure H5N1 avian influenza.

4. promote sleep
Hypericum perforatum can increase the level of melatonin at night, adjust the circadian rhythm to improve sleep, and also activate and relax the central nervous system.