Adzuki Bean
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Adzuki Bean         This product is the dried mature seeds of legume Vigna umbel lata Ohwi et Ohashi or Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi. When the fruit is mature but not dehiscent in autumn, the whole plant is extracted, dried in the sun, seeded, removed impurities, and then dried in the sun.
        [character]   Adzuki bean is oblong and slightly flat, 5-8mm long and 3-5mm in diameter. Its surface is purplish red, matt or slightly shiny; The hilum with linear protuberance on one side is biased to one end, white, about 2/3 of the total length, and concave into a longitudinal groove in the middle; There is an inconspicuous ridge on the other side. . Cotyledons 2, milky white. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet.
          The red beans are short cylindrical in shape, with both ends relatively flat or blunt and round, with a diameter of 4-6mm. The surface is dark brown red, shiny, and the hilum does not protrude.
        [identification]   (1) Cross section of this product: the seed coat epidermis of adzuki bean is a row of grid cells, and there are two rows at the seed umbilicus. The cells contain light reddish brown substances, with obvious bright bands. . Cotyledon cells contain numerous starch granules and fine calcium oxalate crystals and clusters. There are caruncle on the outer side of the grid cell in the hilum, and tracheid island on the inner side, oval, with reticular thickening of the cell wall, and stellate tissue on both sides, with stellate cells and large intercellular spaces.
          Small calcium oxalate crystals without cluster crystals were occasionally seen in the cotyledon cells of red bean.
        (2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 10ml of 75% ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Another 2G of Adzuki Bean reference medicinal material was taken, and the reference medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
        [check]   Moisture   Not more than 14.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
          .
        [extract]   According to the hot leaching method under the determination of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), 75% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 7.0%.
          Decoction pieces
        [processing] remove impurities and screen out dust.
        ; Same as medicinal materials.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Sweet, sour, flat. Homing, small intestine meridian.
        ; Diuresis and detumescence, detoxification and purulence. It is used for edema and fullness, beriberi edema, jaundice and red urine, rheumatism and heat arthralgia, carbuncle and sore poison, intestinal carbuncle and abdominal pain.
        [usage and dosage]   9-30g. Appropriate amount for external use. Apply at the end of grinding.
        ; Store in a dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Adzuki Bean
. It contains 20.7g protein, 0.5g fat, 58G carbohydrate, 4.9 crude fiber, 3.3g ash, 67mg calcium, 305mg phosphorus, 5.2mg iron, 0.3lmg thiamine, 0.11mg riboflavin, 2.7mg nicotinic acid, etc.
2. 3-furomethanol - β - d-glucopyranoside, catechin-7-o - β - d-glucopyranoside and 1d-5-o- (a-d-galactopyranosyl) - 4-o-methylinositol [1d-5-o (a-d-galactopyranosyl) - 4-o-methyl-inositol] were isolated from red beans. Six oleanene oligoglycosides were also isolated: azukisaponin Ⅰ, namely 3-O - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] Sophora diol {3-O - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] Sophora diol}; The red bean saponin Ⅱ is 3-O - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] soyasapogenol B {3-o[β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - d-glucopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B}; Saikosaponin Ⅲ is 3-O - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] saikosaponol {3-O - [β - D-glucopyranosyl (L → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] azukisa pogenol}; Saikosaponin Ⅳ is 3-O [β - d-glucopyranosyl-28-o-glucopyranosyl (L → 6) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] gypsogenic acid {3-o- (β - D-glucopyranosyl) 28-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 6) - β - d-glucopyranosyl] gypsogenic acid}; Saikosaponin V is 3-O - [a-l-rhamnopyranosyl (L → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] soyasaponol B {3-O - [a-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2) - β - d-glucopyra nosyl (L → 2) - β - d-glucopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B} and saikosaponin VI, That is, 3-o-[β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) β - D-glucopyranosyl] -29-o-[β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 6) - β - D-glucopyranosyl] red bean soap alcohol {3-o-[β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) β - d-glucopyranosyl]-29-o-[β - D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 6) - β - d-glucopyranosyl]azukisapogenol}.
Three flavanoltannins were also obtained from the hot water extract of red beans:Catechin（catechin）、Epicatechin(epicatechin) andEpigallocatechin（epigallocatechin）。 Isolated from fresh seedsProcyanidinsB1(procyanidin) andProcyanidinsB3。

3、 Pharmacological effects of Adzuki Bean
It has bacteriostatic and diuretic effects.