Styrax
1、         This product is processed and refined from the fragrant resin exuded from the trunk of the Hamamelis plant liquidimibar orientalis mill.
        [character]   This product is a semi fluid thick liquid. Brownish yellow or dark brown, translucent. . Gas fragrance.
        This product is dissolved in 90% ethanol, carbon disulfide, chloroform or glacial acetic acid, and slightly soluble in diethyl ether.
        [identification] (1) take 1g of this product and mix it with 3G of fine sand, put it in a test tube, add 5ml of potassium permanganate test solution, and heat it slightly to produce a significant aroma of benzaldehyde.
        (2) Take 1g of this product, add 10ml of ether to dissolve, and the supernatant is used as the test solution. In addition, take cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid reference substances, add diethyl ether to make a solution containing 1mg of each 1ml as the reference solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of the above test solution and 1 μ l of the control solution, respectively, onto the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (30 ~ 60 ℃) - n-hexane ethyl formate formic acid (10:30:15:1) as the developing agent, develop at 10 ~ 15 ℃, take out, dry, and view under UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
        [check]   The acid value should be 52-76 (general rule 0713).
        Saponification value shall be 160 ～ 190 (general rule 0713).
        [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-1% glacial acetic acid solution (50:50); The detection wavelength is 285nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 7000 according to the cinnamic acid peak.
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        Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of this product, weigh accurately, add 10ml of newly prepared ethanol to prepare potassium hydroxide test solution (0.5mol/l), heat and reflux for 1 hour, evaporate the ethanol rapidly at low temperature, heat 20ml of water to evenly disperse the residue, cool it, add 30ml of water and 20ml of magnesium sulfate solution (1.5 → 50), mix well, stand for 10 minutes, filter, wash the filtered residue with 20ml of water in several times, combine the filtrate and washing solution, add hydrochloric acid to make it acidic, shake with diethyl ether to extract 4 times, 40ml each time, combine the diethyl ether solution, volatilize to dryness. . Accurately measure 1ml, put it into a 50ml measuring bottle, add methanol to dilute to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the continuous filtrate.
        The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        According to the calculation of dry product, the content of cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) shall not be less than 5.0%.
        ; Xin, Wen. Heart returning and spleen meridian.
        ; It can enlighten, dispel filth and relieve pain. It is used for stroke, phlegm, sudden fainting, chest pain, chest and abdomen cold pain, and convulsion.
        [usage and dosage]   0.3～1g， It is advisable to take pills in powder.
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2、 Chemical constituents of Styrax
Styrax resin contains volatile oil, including a- and β - pinene, myrcene,Camphene（camphene）， Limonene,Cineole（l，8-cineole）， P-cymene, terpinolene,Linalool（linalool）， ,A-terpineol（a-terpineol）， Cinnamaldehyde, trans methyl cinnamate, ethyl phenol, allylphenol, n-propyl cinnamate, β - phenylpropionic acid, l-benzoyl-3-phenylpropyne,Benzoic acid（benzoic acid），palmitic acid（palmitic acid）， Linoleic acid, dichlorocoumarone, epoxycinnamylcinnamate, CIS cinnamic acid, CIS cinnamyl cinnamate, etc. Also containsOleanolic acid（oleanonic acid）， 3-epioleanolic acid（3-epioleanolic acid）。

3、
1. antiplatelet aggregation function: experiments have proved that Styrax has antithrombotic effect. Dissolve every 10mg of Styrax in 0.1ml of ethanol and add 0.9ml of 1% CMC Na to prepare a suspension. The control group was a mixture of ethanol and CMC Na without drugs. .
1.1. effect on thrombosis in vitro: 1.8ml of blood was collected from the central artery of rabbit ear, mixed with 0.2ml of drug solution or control solution, injected into the polyethylene pipe ring, and the rotating ring was started to make the blood rotate at 17 / r/min for 15 minutes at 37 ℃. Pour the thrombus out of the ring, measure the length and wet weight of the thrombus immediately, and then dry the thrombus in a 20 ℃ thermostat for 20 minutes, and weigh the dry weight of the thrombus. Results in the control group, the length of thrombus was 7.6 ± 2.3cm, the wet weight of thrombus was 202.4 ± 48.1mg, and the dry weight of thrombus was 105.6 ± 21.4mg; in the Styrax group, the length of thrombus was 3.7 ± 0.4cm, the wet weight of thrombus was 116.2 ± 20.7cm, and the dry weight of thrombus was 55.7 ± 14.1mg. Compared with the control group, Styrax LMG / ml significantly inhibited thrombosis in vitro.
1.2. effect on cAMP content in platelets: determine cAMP content in platelets. Results in the control group, 7.4 ± 2.8pmol / mg protein, 14.7 ± 4.1pmol / mg protein in the high dose 2mg/ml of Styrax, and 7.5 ± 3.1pmol / mg protein in the low dose 1mg / ml. Compared with the control group, the high-dose group of Styrax could significantly increase the cAMP content in platelets (P < 0.001).
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1.3.1. in vitro experiment: Determination of recalcification time and prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time of white clay and plasmin activity. Styrax can significantly prolong plasma recalcification time, prothrombin time and clay thromboplastin time, and significantly improve plasmin activity.
1.3.2. in vivo experiment: rabbits were administered with 100mg / kg of Styrax by gavage, with a volume of 10ml. The control group was given a mixture of equal volume of ethanol and CMC Na, while normal saline was given as a blank control. Blood samples were taken at different times before and after administration for the following determinations. The results showed that oral administration of Styrax could significantly prolong the recalcification time, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time of white clay, reduce the content of plasma fibrin and promote plasmin activity. CIS cinnamic acid is the main component of Styrax in anti platelet aggregation.
2. cardiovascular effects: Guanxinsuhe pill can significantly increase the coronary sinus blood flow of experimental myocardial infarction dogs, make it return to normal or close to normal, and can significantly slow down the heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption; It has no obvious effect on coronary sinus blood flow in non myocardial infarction patients, but it can slow down heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. According to the study of prescription splitting, only Styrax and borneol in the traditional Chinese medicine composed of Guanxin Suhe pills have the above effects, and the other drugs are ineffective. The Subing drop pill, which is composed of Styrax and borneol, has a significant effect of anti myocardial ischemia, has a significant protective effect on swimming stress and the ultrastructural changes of myocardial ischemia in mice caused by pituitrin, and can resist the decrease of myocardial nutrient blood solubility caused by pituitrin and the aortic contraction caused by norepinephrine.
3. bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects: Styrax has weak antibacterial effects and can be used for various respiratory infections. Styrax also has mild stimulatory effect. It can relieve inflammation, such as eczema and itching, and promote the healing of ulcers and wounds.