Bergamot
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of bergamot         This product is the dried fruit of Citrus medica l.var.sarcodactylis Swingle, a Rutaceae plant. The fruits are harvested before they turn yellow or turn yellow in autumn, cut into thin slices longitudinally, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.
        [character]   This product is oval or oval thin, often wrinkled or curled, 6 ~ 10cm long, 3 ~ 7cm wide, 0.2 ~ 0.4cm thick. The top is slightly wide, often has 3 ~ 5 finger shaped lobes, the base is slightly narrow, and some fruit stem scars can be seen. . The pulp is yellowish white or yellowish, with uneven linear or punctate vascular bundles scattered. It is hard and brittle. It is flexible when wet. It smells sweet and bitter.
        [identification] (1) the powder of this product is light brown yellow. Mesocarp has numerous parenchyma, irregular or quasi round cells, and uneven thickening of the wall. The surface of pericarp epidermal cells was irregular polygonal, with occasional round like pores. Calcium oxalate square crystals exist in polygonal parenchymal cells in sheets, which are polyhedral, rhombic or biconical.
        (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of absolute ethanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, concentrate the filtrate to dryness, and add 0.5ml of absolute ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Another 1g of bergamot reference medicinal material was taken, and the reference medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop them with cyclohexane ethyl acetate (3:1) as the developing agent, take them out, dry them, and view them under UV light (365mn). .
        [check]   Moisture   Not more than 15.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
        ; According to the hot leaching method under the determination of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 10.0%.
        [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol water glacial acetic acid (33:63:2); The detection wavelength was 284nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the hesperidin peak.
        Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of hesperidin reference, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 15 μ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of powder (passing through No. 5 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of methanol precisely, weigh, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the continuous filter solution.
        The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
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        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   . Return to the liver, spleen, stomach and lung.
        ; Soothe liver and regulate qi, soothe stomach and relieve pain, dry dampness and resolve phlegm. It is used for liver and stomach qi stagnation, chest and flank pain, epigastric fullness, less food and vomiting, cough and phlegm.
        [usage and dosage]   3～10g。
        ; Store in a cool and dry place to prevent mold and moth.


2、 Chemical constituents of bergamot
Mature Bergamot fruits contain citropten limetin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 3,5,8-trihydroxy-4 ', 7-dimethoxyflavone,Limonin（limonin）， Nomillin,Carotene（dau- costerol），β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）， P-hydroxyphenylacrylic acid,palmitic acid（palmitic acid），Succinic acid（succinic acid）， CIS head to tail limetin dimer, CIS head to head limetin dimer, 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4 ', 7-dimethoxyflavone and 3,5,6-trihydroxy-7,3', 4 '- trimethoxyflavone 3, 5, 6-trihydroxy-7, 3', 4 '- trimethoxyfla vone), which also contains trace amounts ofGeranioside(Diosmin) andHesperidin（hesperidin）。

3、 Pharmacological action of bergamot
Bergamot soothes the liver, regulates Qi, and relieves pain in the stomach. It is used for liver and stomach qi stagnation, chest and flank pain, epigastric fullness, less food and vomiting. It has obvious inhibitory effect on intestinal smooth muscle and antispasmodic effect on intestinal spasm; ; At high concentration, it can weaken myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, reduce blood pressure, and protect myocardial ischemia; It has certain expectorant effect.
1. .
2. If the liver Qi invades the stomach, the flank distention and epigastric pain, vomiting and acid swallowing, it should be used as Coptis chinensis, Evodia rutaecarpa and Agastache rugosa to soothe the liver and stomach.
3. This product is suitable for coughing and chest pain. It is clinically compatible with sponge gourd, turmeric, loquat leaves, etc.