Windbreak
1、         This product is the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (turcz.) schischk., an umbrella plant. In spring and autumn, the roots of plants without flowering stems were dug, and the fibrous roots and sediment were removed and dried in the sun.
        [properties] the product is long conical or long cylindrical, and the lower part is gradually thin, some are slightly curved, 15 ～ 30cm long, and 0.5 ～ 2cm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown or tan, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles, most transverse lenticel like protrusions and punctate fine root marks There are obvious dense ring stripes on the root head, and there are brown hairy leaf bases remaining on some ring stripes. It is light, loose, easy to break, with uneven section, brown yellow to brown skin, cracks, and yellow wood. It has special flavor and slightly sweet taste.
        [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the cork layer is 5-30 rows of cells. The inner layer of the plug is narrow, and there is a large oval oil pipe. Phloem is wide, with most round like oil tubes, 4-8 secretory cells around, and golden yellow secretion can be seen in the tube; The rays are often curved, and the outer side often forms cracks. The cambium is obvious. There are many xylem vessels arranged radially. .
        Powder light brown. The diameter of the oil pipe is 17 ～ 60 µ m, filled with golden yellow secretions. Basal vascular bundles are often accompanied by fiber bundles. The diameter of reticulated duct is 14-85 µ M. stone cells are rare, yellowish green, oblong or quasi rectangular, and the wall is thick.
        (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 20ml of acetone, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of Saposhnikovia divaricata control medicinal material was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the cimicifugin glycoside reference substance and 5-o-methylvisamicin glycoside reference substance, add ethanol to make a mixed solution containing 1mg each in 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 µ l of each of the above three solutions, respectively dot them on the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol (4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
        [check] moisture   .
        Total ash   Not more than 6.5% (general rule 2302).
        Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 1.5% (general rule 2302).
        [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 13.0%.
        [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
        ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (40:60) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 254nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the cimicifugin peak.
        ; Take an appropriate amount of cimicifugin and 5-o-methylvisamelioside reference substance, weigh accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 60 µ g per 1ml respectively.
        Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.25g of the fine powder of the product, accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 10ml of methanol, weigh it, refluxe the water bath for 2 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
        Assay   Precisely suck 3 µ l of the control solution and 2 µ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        The total amount of cimicifugin glycoside (c22h28o11) and 5-o-methylvisamerol glycoside (c22h28o10) in this product shall not be less than 0.24% according to the dry product.
        Decoction pieces
        [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
        This product is a round or oval thick piece. The outer skin is grayish brown or tan, with longitudinal wrinkles, and some can see transverse lenticel like protrusions, dense ring lines or residual hairy leaf bases. The cut skin is brownish yellow to brown with cracks, and the wood is yellow with radial texture. It has special flavor and slightly sweet taste.
        [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, sweet and mild. It belongs to bladder, liver and spleen channels.
        . For cold headache, rheumatism arthralgia, rubella itching, tetanus.
        [usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
        [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.
 


2、 Chemical composition of Saposhnikovia divaricata
The root contains chromones: Lede bouriellol, 4 ′ - o-glucosyl-5-o-methylvisamminol, 3 ′ - o-angeliyl-hamaudol, hamaudol, 3 ′ - o-acetyl-hamaudol,Imperatorin(sec-o-glucosylhamaudol), 5-o-methylisammol,Cimicifugin（cimifugin)，Cimicifugin glycoside（prim-O-glucosylcimifugin)； Coumarin ingredients:Bergamot lactone（bergapten)，Psoralen（psoralen)， Imperatorin,Coralline（phellopte-rin)， Deltoin [1, 2],Zanthoxylin（xanthotoxin)[2]，Praeruptorin B （anomalin)[3]，Scopoletin Pavilion（scopoletin)[3,4]，Isopurple peucedanone（marmesin)[4]； Polyacetylene generation:Panaxynol(Panaxynol), also known as falcarinol, falcarindiol, (8e) - heptadeca-1,8-dien-4,6-dibasic-3,10-diol [(8e) - heptadeca-1,8-dien-4,6-diyn-3,10diol][2,5]; Saposhnikovan a, C [6, 7]; The volatile oil contains 10 components, and a total of 20 can be identified, with higher contents of octanal, β - bisabolene, nonanal, 7-octen-4-ol, hexanal, cubarene, andβ - eucalyptol(β -eudesmol) et al. [8]. Also containsβ - sitosterol(β -sitosterol), β - sitosterol - β - D-glucoside [3],D-Mannitol（D-mannitol)，Vanillic acid(vanillic acid) [4] et al.

3、 Pharmacological action of Saposhnikovia divaricata
. One hour later, ip0.5% acetic acid was 0.2ml/20g, and the number of writhing reactions of mice within 20 minutes was observed. The results showed that the number of writhing reactions of mice in Fangfeng group was 11.4 ± 1.8 times, which was significantly lower than 19.2 ± 2.4 times in the control group (p< 0.05).
1.2. effect on pain threshold of mice: the pain threshold was measured by hot plate method, and the condition was that the hot plate temperature was 55 ± 0.5 ℃. Take female mice weighing 18-20g. After predicting the reaction latency, select 20 mice whose reaction latency does not exceed 30s, and divide them into two groups. Po Fengshui Decoction equivalent to 40g/kg crude drug and congeneric water respectively. Measure the reaction latency of mice before and after administration. The results are shown in Table 2. The reaction latency of mice in Fangfeng group is significantly prolonged at 60s and 90s after administration, （P<0.05）。
1.3. electrical stimulation of rat tail method: the electrical stimulation of rat tail method showed that Fanggang ethanol extract had certain analgesic effect when given to mice with ig21.18g/kg and sc42.36g/kg, and the analgesic rates after administration were 46.4% and 56.7%, respectively, while the analgesic rates after 60 minutes were 39.o% and 53.3%, respectively.
2. sedative effect: 2.1. effect on the subthreshold sleep dose of pentobarbital sodium: 40 mice weighing 20-28g were equally divided into two groups, Po Fengshui Decoction equivalent to 40g/kg and IP pentobarbital sodium 35mg/kg one hour after the same body accumulated water. The number of animals falling asleep within 15 minutes was recorded, and the index of falling asleep was the loss of righting reflex for more than 1 minute. Results the number of sleeping mice in the Fangfeng group (17, 85%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (17, 35%) (p< 0.01).
2.2. effect on spontaneous activity of mice: 24 mice weighing 20-22g were equally divided into two groups, Po Fengshui Decoction equivalent to 40g/kg and 50 minutes after the same body water, and the number of mouse activities within 10 minutes was recorded. Results it was 226.3 ± 35.9 in the Fangfeng group and 326.7 ± 27.7 in the control group. It can be seen that Fangfeng significantly reduced the spontaneous activity of mice (p< 0.01).
2.3. anti inflammatory effect: 20 male mice weighing 24g-26g were equally divided into two groups. The dose was the same as above. One hour later, 25ul croton oil mixture was applied to the right ear to cause inflammation. The mice were sacrificed four hours later, weighed and the degree of inflammatory reaction was observed. Results the swelling degree of Fangfeng group (13.9 ± 0.9mg) was significantly lower than that of the control group (18.4 ± 1.2mg) (p< 0.05).
2.4. in vitro antibacterial test: the plate method was used to carry out the in vitro antibacterial test. The results showed that Fangfeng had antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, B hemolytic streptococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae and two kinds of mold (Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor), but had no antibacterial effect on influenza bacilli, typhoid bacilli, flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae.
5. anti allergic effect: 5.1. effect on delayed type hypersensitivity induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB): 20 male mice weighing 25-28g were equally divided into two groups, sensitized with 0.01ml of 5%dncb acetone solution on the back skin, sensitized again the next day, and administered for 5 days. The mice in the Fangfeng group were Po Fangfeng 20g/kg per day, and the control group were given congeneric hydrops for 7 days. After the last administration, 0.02ml of 1%dncb acetone was applied to the right ear. The mice were sacrificed 20 hours later, and the left and right ear pieces (8mm in diameter) were weighed. The difference in the weight of the two ear pieces indicated the delayed type.The degree of hypersensitivity. Results Fangfeng group was 2.90 ± 0.45mg, which was significantly lower than that of the control group 4.88 ± 0.78mg (p< 0.05), indicating that Fangfeng has the effect of inhibiting DNCB induced delayed type hypersensitivity.
5.2. effect on allergic contraction of isolated tracheal and ileal smooth muscle of sensitized guinea pigs: take 10 guinea pigs weighing 250g-350g, inject 1ml of 5% ovalbumin intraperitoneally into each guinea pig, and inject 0.4ml of sensitization into both hind legs at the same time. After 4 weeks, carry out the allergic contraction test of isolated tracheal and ileal smooth muscle of guinea pigs. The results showed that the tracheal contraction (2.8 ± 0.5mm) was significantly lower than that in the control test (7.8 ± 0.7mm). The results of ileal contraction test showed that the contraction height of 10 segments of ileum was 31.8 ± 4.3mm, which was significantly lower than that of 10 segments of ileum in the control group (42.4 ± 5.2mm).
6. effect on the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in mice: 24 mice weighing 23-25g were divided into two groups. They were given Ig once a day for 4 days. After the last administration, they were sacrificed with 0.5ml of 5% chicken red blood cell solution at the same time, and the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index of red blood cells were calculated.
7. antipyretic effect: rabbits were made into animal fever model with triple vaccines (pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus vaccines). IP guanfangfeng Decoction 2g/kg, with antipyrine and normal saline as the control. Fangfeng Decoction has obvious antipyretic effect in 1-2 hours.