Cardamom cardamom
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of cardamom cardamom         This product is the dried and mature fruit of Alpinia galanga willd., a Zingiberaceae plant. Harvest the fruit when it turns red in autumn, remove impurities, and dry in the shade.
        [character]   The product is long spherical, slightly thin in the middle, 0.7 ~ 1.2cm long, 0.5 ~ 0.7cm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown or dark red, slightly wrinkled, with yellow white tubular persistent calyx at the top and fruit stem marks at the base. The peel is thin and fragile. . It is fragrant and spicy.
        [identification] (1) cross section of seed: 4-7 rows of aril cells, round or tangential extension, slightly thick wall. ; One row of oil cells, square or rectangular, 16-54 μ m in diameter; There are 3-5 rows of pigment layer cells, containing reddish brown substances; The inner cortex is a row of grid shaped thick walled cells, about 65 μ m long and 30 μ m wide, yellowish brown or reddish brown, with extremely thick inner walls and inner side walls, and the outer side of the cell cavity containing siliceous blocks. The ectosperm cells were filled with starch granules, and calcium oxalate small square crystals were occasionally seen. The endosperm cells were vaguely powdered and fatty oil droplets.
        (2) Take 1g of the product powder, add 20ml of ether, sonicate for 10 minutes, filter, wash the residue with 10ml of ether, filter, combine the ether solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5-10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate respectively, use cyclohexane ethyl acetate (17:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are three spots of the same color on the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material; Spray with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are three spots of the same color on the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
        [content determination]   Take the seeds of this product and determine according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
        The volatile oil content of the seeds of this product shall not be less than 0.40% (ml/g).
        Decoction pieces
        [processing]   Remove impurities. Mash when needed.
        [character] [identification] [content determination]   Same as medicinal materials.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen and lung meridian.
        ; Dispel cold and dampness, invigorate the spleen and dissipate food. It is used for cold and pain in the abdomen, fullness of food, vomiting and diarrhea, and excessive drinking.
        [usage and dosage]   3～6g。
        ; Store in a cool and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of cardamom cardamom
The fruit of cardamom cardamom contains dl-1-acetoxypepper acetate, trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, trans-4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol, p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 1-acetoxysyringol acetate, and volatile oil.The main components of the volatile oil are: Δ 3-carene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one [(E) - 6-methylhepta-5-en-2-one], 1, 8-cineole, linalool oxixde,Linalool(linalool)， Nonanal, trans-2-hexenyl-n-butyrate, (E) - 6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one [(E) - 6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one], octanoic acid, n-octyl acetate, 4-terpinen-4-ol, α - terpineol, 2- (2-propenyl) phenol [2- (2-propenyl)phenol], copaene, cadinene, β - elemene, n-decyl acetate acetate)， N-Pentadecane, α - bergamotene,EugenolEugenol, α -humulene, aloaromaden dene, CIS caryophyllene, ν -muurolene, β -bisabolene, cinnamyl acetate, calaminene, caryophyllenol I or II,Nerolidol(nerolidol)， Piper sedimentol.
Cardamom cardamom seeds contain 1-acetoxypiperone acetate, 1-acetoxysyringol acetate, caryophyllene oxide, syringol I and II, galanol A and B, galanolactone, 8 (17), 12-semidiurene-15, 16 dialdehyde [e-8 (17), 12-albdiene-15,16-dial] and E-8 (17) - epoxy-12-semidiurene-15, 16 dialdehyde [e-8 β (17) -epox ylabd-12-ene-15,16-dial].

3、 Pharmacological effects of cardamom cardamom
1. the seed decoction has excitatory effect on the isolated intestine of guinea pigs. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 and 10g/kg 1-acetoxypiperone acetate can inhibit gastric ulcer caused by ligation of pylorus in rats. 1-acetoxypiperone acetate and 1-acetoxyeugenol acetate have obvious anti gastric ulcer effects in Shay's rats. When injected intraperitoneally at 2-5mg / kg and 5-10mg / kg, respectively, the inhibition rates are 20-77% and 36-100%.
2. antifungal and cytotoxic effects: This product contains Galanal A（1）、Galanal B（2）、Galanolactone（3）、（E）-8（17），12-Labddiene-15，16-dial（4） And (E) -8b (17) -epoxylabd-12-ene-15, 16 dial (5) have antifungal and cytotoxic effects.
2.3 anticancer activity: a variety of compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of fruits, and 1-acetoxypiperone ethyl ester and 1-acetoxyeugenol acetate were injected intraperitoneally into mice at a dose of 10mg / kg for 5 consecutive days, and found to have strong anticancer activity. . Compared with other synthetic components, 1-acetoxy is very important for anticancer activity, and its mechanism of action is estimated to be related to nucleophilic attack.