Red flower gentian
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Gentiana scabra   
        This product is the dried whole herb of Gentiana rhodantha franch., a Gentianaceae plant. Excavate in autumn and winter, remove sediment and dry in the sun.
        [character]   The product is 30 ～ 60cm long, with short rhizome and several fine roots; The root diameter is 1 ～ 2mm, and the surface is light brown or yellowish white. The stem is angular, 1-2mm in diameter, yellowish green or purplish, brittle, and hollow in section. The flowers are solitary on the top of branches and upper leaf axils, and the calyx is tubular, 5-lobed; The Corolla is trumpet shaped, 2-3.5cm long, lavender or yellowish brown, with 5-lobed apex and fimbriate fimbria between lobes. The capsule is narrow and long, 2-valved. Seeds oblate ovate, about 1mm long, narrowly winged. .
        [identification]   (1) Powder green or yellowish green. The lower epidermal cells have obvious cuticular texture, small and short papillae in the center, and irregular stomata. The cells of the upper epidermis are slightly small, and the cuticular texture is faint. There are long papillae or non glandular hairs on leaf veins. The wood fibers are scattered individually or in bundles, elongated and strip-shaped, with inclined or flat tips, 8-18 μ m in diameter, and have twill holes, which are not obvious when the diameter is small. The diameter of threaded conduit and reticulated conduit is 25 μ M. .
        (2) . Another 0.5g of the reference medicinal material of Gentiana scabra was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the mangiferin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate respectively, use ethyl acetate methanol water (10:2:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
        [check]   Moisture   Not more than 9.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
        Total ash   Not more than 8.0% (general rule 2302).
        Acid insoluble ash   .
        [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.02% phosphoric acid solution (13:87); The detection wavelength was 254nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the mangiferin peak.
        Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of mangiferin reference substance, weigh it accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 40 μ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.3g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of 60% methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 60% methanol, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 3ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10ml measuring flask, add 60% methanol to the scale, shake it well, and then get it.
          Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        The content of mangiferin (c19h18o11) shall not be less than 2.0% according to the dry product.
          Decoction pieces
        [processing] remove impurities, spray water, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Bitter, cold. Return to liver and gallbladder channels.
        ; It can clear away heat and dampness, detoxify and relieve cough. For damp heat jaundice, unfavorable urination, lung heat cough.
        [usage and dosage]   9～15g。
        ; Keep dry and damp proof.


2、 Chemical constituents of Gentiana scabra
Isolated and identified from the whole grass: 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxycopper; rhodanthenone D； 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxycopper; 1,3,7-trihydroxy-4,8-dimethoxyketone;quercetin ; isoorientin;Mangiferin；1-0-β-D-  Glucopyranose-3,7,8-trihydroxyketone;Ethyl gallate；salicylic acid; α - vanillin; ; Ursolic aldehyde;3-0-acetylursolic acid；Ursolic acid; 2 α - hydroxy ursolic acid

3、
Clearing heat and dampness, detoxifying. For acute icteric hepatitis, dysentery, pediatric pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph node tuberculosis, adverse urination, ocular conjunctivitis; For external use, it can treat carbuncle, furuncle, sore, burn and scald.