Baibu
1、 Hundred Pharmacopoeia standards         . Excavate in spring and autumn, remove fibrous roots, wash them, blanch them in boiling water or steam them until there is no white heart, take them out, and dry them in the sun.
        [character] Stemona erecta   It is spindle shaped, and its upper end is slender, shrunk and bent, with a length of 5 ~ 12cm and a diameter of 0.5 ~ LCM. The surface is yellowish or light brownish yellow, with irregular deep longitudinal grooves and occasionally horizontal wrinkles. It is brittle, easy to break, with flat section, horny like, yellowish brown or yellowish white, wide skin, and flat central column. .
        Stemmed Stemona   Both ends are slightly narrow and thin, and the surface is more irregular wrinkles and transverse wrinkles.
        Stemona opposita   It is long spindle shaped or strip-shaped, 8 ～ 24cm long and 0.8 ～ 2cm in diameter. The surface is light yellowish brown to grayish brown, with shallow longitudinal wrinkles or irregular longitudinal grooves. The texture is solid, the section is yellowish white to dark brown, the middle column is large, and the pulp is white.
        ; The root coat is 3-4 rows of cells, with corky and lignified walls and dense fine stripes. The cortex is wider. There are 19-27 phloem bundles and xylem bundles in the middle column, which are arranged at intervals. There are a few non lignified fibers in the inner side of phloem bundles; There are 2-5 xylem bundle vessels with wood fibers and tracheids. The vessels are polygonal, with a radial diameter of about 48 µ M. occasionally, the vessels go deep into the pulp. There are a few small fibers scattered in the medulla.
        Stemmed Stemona   The root coat consists of 3-6 rows of cells. Phloem fiber lignification. The radial diameter of the catheter is about 184 µ m, which usually goes deep into the medulla and is arranged in 2-3 rounds with the lateral catheter bundle.
        Stemona opposita   The root coat consists of three rows of cells, with no fine stripes on the cell wall, and the inner wall of the innermost cell is extremely thick. There are scattered fibers on the outer side of the cortex, which is square like, and the wall is slightly lignified. There are 32-40 phloem bundles and 40 xylem bundles in the stele. The xylem bundle duct is round polygonal with a diameter of 107 µ m, and its inner side is connected with wood fibers and microlignified parenchyma cells to form a ring layer.
        (2) . The filtrate is divided into two parts: bismuth potassium iodide test solution is added dropwise in one part to generate orange red precipitate; Add silicotungstic acid test solution dropwise into the other part to produce milky white precipitate.
        [extract] determined according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 50.0%.
        Decoction pieces
        [processing] hundred parts   Remove impurities, wash, moisten thoroughly, cut into thick pieces, and dry.
        The product is irregular thick film or irregular strip oblique film; The surface is grayish white, brownish yellow, with deep longitudinal wrinkles; The cut surface is gray white, light yellowish brown or yellowish white, horny; The skin is thick, and the middle column is flattened. Tough and soft. It tastes sweet and bitter.
        ; Take Baibu tablets and stir fry them according to the honey roasting method (general rule 0213) until they are not sticky.
        12.5kg of refined honey is used for every 100kg of Baibu.
        This product is the same as 100 film, with brown yellow or brown brown surface, slightly scorched spots, and slightly viscous. .
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, bitter, mild. Return to lung meridian.
        [functions and indications] moisten lungs, lower Qi, stop cough, kill insects and lice. For new long cough, tuberculosis cough, sudden cough; Externally used for head lice, body lice, pinworm disease, Yin itch. Mibaibu moistens the lungs and stops coughing. For yin deficiency and cough.
        [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g. For external use, use appropriate amount, decoct in water or soak in wine.
        [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture.


2、 Chemical constituents of Stemona
1. stemonine is contained in the root of Stemona erecta,Protostemonine（protostemonine），Tetraphylline（tuberostemonine），Hypostemine（stemonidine）， Isostemonidine, hortorine, sessilis temonine. 2. Stemona creeping roots contain stemonaline,Hypostemine, isopentadiene,Protostemonine, stemonamine, isostemonamine. Stems and leaves contain stemofoline. 3. the roots of Rhizoma Stemonae contain stemonaline, isotuberostemone, stenine, hyoptuberostemone, oxotuberostemonine, stemotine, isostemotine, tuberostemone, tuberostemone, stemonol, stemonamide, and tuberostemospirone.Ine), didehydrotuberostemonine. It also contains 2.32% sugar, 0.84% lipid, 9.25% protein, 12.1% ash, formic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid,Succinic acid（succinic acid）， .

3、 Pharmacological action of Stemona
1. antibacterial effect: Baibu Decoction and alcohol extract of Folium Stemonae on a variety of pathogenic bacteria such as pneumococcus, type B hemolytic streptococcus and meningococcus in vitro test. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella dysenteriae, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, Escherichia coli, proteus, diphtheria, pneumoniae, Yersinia pestis, anthrax, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholerae. Human tuberculosis bacilli have different degrees of antibacterial effect. ; However, it has also been reported that it has no antibacterial effect on fungi. Baibu (unknown variety) can extend the life of chicken embryos cultured with Newcastle virus to 36 hours.
2. insecticidal effect: the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Stemona scandens and other Stemona species (varieties not identified) can kill mosquitoes and flies larvae, head lice, clothing lice and bedbugs. High concentration of Stemona (unknown variety) can kill pinworm in vitro.
3. antitussive effect: animal tests have proved that Stemona has antitussive effect and can reduce the excitability of respiratory center.
4. effect on influenza virus: Baibu can reduce the pathogenicity of Asian influenza A virus to mice, and has a certain preventive effect on mice not infected with influenza virus. It also has therapeutic effect on mice infected with virus.