Euphorbia humifusa l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescens l.var.pubescen
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Euphorbia humifusa       This product is the dried whole herb of Euphorbia humifusa willd. or Euphorbia maculata L., a Euphorbiaceae plant. Harvest in summer and autumn, remove impurities and dry in the sun.
      [character] brocade   . The stem is thin, forked branched, with purplish red surface, smooth glabrous or sparsely white fine pilose; It is brittle and easy to break. Its cross section is yellowish white and hollow. Simple leaves opposite, with pale red short stalks or few sessile; The leaves are mostly shrunk or have fallen off, and are oblong after flattening, 5-10mm long and 4-6mm wide; green or purplish red, usually hairless or sparsely fine pilose; Apex obtuse, base oblique, margin serrate or microwaved. Cup shaped cymes axillary, fine. The capsule is trigonous spherical with smooth surface. The seeds are fine, ovate, brown. The breath is slight and the taste is slightly astringent.
      ; The surface of the leaves is erythematous. Capsule is sparsely white pubescent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is green brown. . In mesophyll tissue, the cells around the end of venules are arranged radially. Non glandular hairs are 3-8 cells, with a diameter of about 14 µ m, and are mostly fragmented.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 50ml of 80% methanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, filter it, evaporate the filtrate, add 60ml of water ether (1:1) mixed solution to dissolve the residue, leave it standing for stratification, discard the ether solution, extract the water solution with ether twice, 20ml each time, discard the ether solution, add 5ml of salt acid to the water solution, hydrolyze it in a water bath for 1 hour, take it out, cool it quickly, extract it twice with ether, 20ml each time, combine the ether solution, wash with 30ml of water, discard the water solution, volatilize the ether solution, and add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take quercetin reference substance and add ethanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck lo µ l of the test solution and 2 µ l of the control solution, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (5:4.5:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 3% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, heat them at 105 ℃ for several minutes, and put them under ultraviolet light (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      ; Not more than 3% (general rule 2301).
      Moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 12.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 75% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 18.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (50:50); The detection wavelength is 360nm; the number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2500 according to the quercetin peak.
      ; Take an appropriate amount of quercetin reference substance, weigh it accurately, add 80% methanol to make a solution containing 20 µ g each.
      ; Take about 1.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of 80% methanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1.5 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 80% methanol, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 20ml of the secondary filtrate, precisely add 7ml of 25% hydrochloric acid solution, hydrolyze it in an 85 ℃ water bath for 30 minutes, take it out, cool it quickly, transfer it to a 50ml volumetric flask, add methanol to dilute it to the scale, shake it well, filter it, and take the secondary filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 µ l of the control solution and 10 µ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of quercetin (C15H10O7) shall not be less than 0.10%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, spray water, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
      .
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] Xin, Ping. Return to liver and large intestine channels.
      [functions and indications] it can clear heat and detoxify, cool blood and stop bleeding, promote dampness and reduce jaundice. It is used for dysentery, diarrhea, hemoptysis, blood in urine, blood in stool, metrorrhagia and leakage, sores and boils, carbuncle and swelling, damp heat and jaundice.
      [usage and dosage] 9 ～ 20g. Suitable for external use.
      .


2、 Chemical constituents of Euphorbia humifusa
1. Euphorbia humifusa contains three flavonoid glycosides, of which the aglycones of two glycosides areKaempferol（kaempferol）， The aglycone of another glycoside isquercetin （quercetin）。 It also contains coumarins:Scopoletin Pavilion（scopoletin）， Umbelliferone, ayapin. Also containspalmitic acid（palmitic acid），gallic acid（gallic acid），Methyl gallate(methylgallate) and mesoinositol.
2. Parthenocissus maculata containsβ - Caryophyllin ethyl ester（β-amyrin acetate）， Taraxeryl acetate, lupenylacetate, 3 β - acetoxy-30-norlupan-20-one, a-arylenol,β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol）， ,Astragaloside（astragalin），Isoquercitrin（isoquercitrin）， Kaempferol-3-o - (2-o-galloyl) - β - D-glucoside, quercetin-3-o - (2-galloyl) - β - D-glucoside, quercetin-3-o - (2-galloyl) - β - D-glucoside, 1,3,4,6-tetra-o-galloyl - β -dglucose,Geranium（geraniin）。

3、 Pharmacological effects of Euphorbia humifusa
1. anti pathogenic microorganism effect: a variety of in vitro bacteriostatic test methods have proved that the fresh juice, water decoction, water decoction and alcohol extract of this product have obvious bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, hemolytic streptococcus, catarrhalis, Diphtheria Bacillus, Escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, Shigella Shigella, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter enteritidis, Salmonella cholerae suis, etc. The refined extracts of Euphorbia humifusa injection and desalted Euphorbia humifusa also have antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The flavone contained in this product has a strong broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effect in vitro. It has a significant inhibitory effect on 20 common pathogenic bacteria at the concentration of 0.002-0.63mg/ml, and a bactericidal effect at the concentration of 0.005-1.25mg/ml. The mic for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae is 0.005mg/ml, 0.32mg/ml and 0.16-0.63mg/ml, respectively. . Gallic acid and quercetin obtained from Euphorbia humifusa also had obvious antibacterial effect. In addition, Euphorbia humifusa decoction has a certain inhibitory effect on Leptospira. The chicken embryo infection caused by influenza A virus Asia was effectively treated with 0.125mg/ embryo flavone mixed with virus in vitro and then inoculated, or 1mg/ embryo dose was inoculated with virus first and then administered.
2. detoxification: Euphorbia humifusa not only has strong inhibitory effect on Diphtheria Bacillus, but also has obvious neutralizing effect on Diphtheria Bacillus exotoxin. The experiment proved that 100%, 50% and 25% of Euphorbia tincture and diphtheria exotoxin were injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs after 30 minutes of low temperature, which had obvious neutralizing effect on diphtheria exotoxin of imld or amld, and could reduce animal mortality, but the effect of decoction was not obvious.
3. hemostatic effect: Euphorbia humifusa powder is not used locally, and it has hemostatic effect on experimental canine femoral artery incision hemorrhage.
4. alleviate the toxic effect of BHC on histopathology in mice: 14% industrial BHC 200ppm can cause serious damage to animal heart, liver, spleen and kidney tissues. Vitamin c4000ppm can reduce the tissue lesions caused by BHC, and Euphorbia humifusa can prevent the damage of BHC to various tissues. At the same time, long-term feeding of Euphorbia humifusa caused mild granular degeneration in the liver and myocardium of experimental animals, but had no effect on the kidney, but had an excitatory effect on the spleen liver hematopoietic system. Lymphocytes and primordial blasts were increased.