Fritillaria pallidiflora
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fritillaria       This product is the dried bulb of Fritillaria walujewii Regel or Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk of Liliaceae. Excavate from May to July, remove sediment, dry in the sun, and then remove fibrous roots and skin.
      [character] Fritillaria thunbergii   It is oblate and 0.5 ～ 1.5cm high. Its surface is white and smooth. The outer scale leaves are 2-petaled, crescent shaped, plump, similar in size and close together. The top is flat and dehiscent, the base is round and blunt, and there are large scales and 1 residual stem and 1 heart bud inside. . The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.
      Fritillaria Yili   . The surface is slightly rough, yellowish white. The outer scale leaves are two petals, heart-shaped, hypertrophic, one of which is large or nearly equal in size, and close together. The top is slightly pointed, with few cracks, and the base is slightly concave.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is white, with starch granules as the main body.
      Fritillaria maxima   ; The compound granules are few and consist of 2 fractions. Thin epidermis
      The cells are rectangular in shape, and the vertical walls are microwave-shaped curved. The cells contain fine calcium oxalate crystals. . The diameter of threaded conduit and annular conduit is 9-56 µ M.
      Fritillaria Yili   Single starch granule is widely ovate, triangular ovate, shell shaped or irregular round, with a diameter of about 60 µ m, and the umbilicus is dot shaped, herringbone shaped or cross shaped. .
      (2) Take 5g of this product powder, add 2ml of concentrated ammonia test solution and 20ml of trichloromethane, shake, place overnight, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 0.5ml of trichloromethane to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, 5g of the control medicinal material of Fritillaria pallidiflora was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the reference substance of Fritillaria base and add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2-4 µ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate prepared with 2% sodium hydroxide solution, use the lower layer solution of chloroform ethyl acetate methanol water (8:8:3:2) placed below 10 ℃ as the developing agent, unfold, take out, air dry, and spray dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution and sodium nitrite test solution in turn. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material; On the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance, there are the same brown spots.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   Not more than 4.5% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), 70% ethanol is used as solvent, which shall not be less than 9.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile water diethylamine (55:45:0.03); Evaporative light scattering detector detection. .
      Preparation of reference solution   .
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh accurately, place in a round bottomed flask, add 2ml of concentrated ammonia test solution to soak for 1 hour, add 20ml of chloroform methanol (4:1) mixed solution precisely, weigh, mix well, heat and reflux on an 80 ℃ water bath for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, use chloroform methanol (4:1) mixed solution to make up for the lost weight, shake well, filter, accurately measure 10ml of the continuous filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add methanol to dissolve the residue, transfer to a 2ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and get it.
      ; Accurately suck 10 µ L and 20 µ l of the reference solution and 20 µ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine them, and calculate them with the external standard two-point method logarithmic equation.
      This product is calculated as dry product, and the total amount of fritillarine glycoside (c33h53no8) and fritillarine (c27h43no3) shall not be less than 0.070%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sweet and slightly cold. Return to lung and heart meridian.
      [functions and indications] clearing heat and moistening lung, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. For lung heat dry cough, dry cough with less phlegm, yin deficiency and cough, expectoration with blood.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g.
      .
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Fritillaria pallidiflora
1. Fritillaria Bulb containsImperialine（imperialine）， Imperialine 3 β - D-glucoside,Peimucin（peimisine）， Imperialine N-oxide,Cyclopamine （cyclopamine）， 3-glucosyl-11-deoxysinapine, YIBEISSINE, 11-deoxy-6-oxo-5 α, 6-dihydrojervine. The whole herb contains yibeinoside A and B. 2. bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii in Xinjiang containsImperialine（imperialine）、 Sin pemine a. The whole herb contains 17 hydroxy bupivacaine. 3. Altai Fritillaria whole herb containsImperialine（imperialine）。 3-indoleacetic acid（Indole-3-acetic acid）。 4. Fritillaria Fritillaria contains fritillarine.


3、 Pharmacological effects of Fritillaria thunbergii
1. antihypertensive effect: imperialine contained in Fritillaria Alba can dilate peripheral blood vessels in anesthetized dogs and show obvious antihypertensive effect.
2. antispasmodic effect: it can significantly relax the isolated duodenum of guinea pigs, uterus of rats and small intestine of dogs as a whole. Its spasmolytic effect is similar to that of papaverine, which can resist spasm caused by acetylcholine chloride, histamine diphosphate and barium chloride. The imperialine contained in this product can significantly reduce blood pressure by dilating peripheral blood vessels in anesthetized dogs. It has obvious relaxation effect on isolated guinea pig ileum, rabbit duodenum, rat uterus and whole canine small intestine. The antispasmodic effect is similar to that of papaverine, which can resist the spasm caused by acetylcholine chloride, histamine diphosphate and barium hydride.