Fructus Trichosanthis
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fructus Trichosanthis       This product is the dried and mature seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. or Trichosanthes rosthornii harms. In autumn, mature fruits are picked, cut open, seeds are taken out, washed and dried in the sun.
      [character] Trichosanthes kirilowii   It is flat oval, 12-15mm long, 6-10mm wide, and about 3.5mm thick. The surface is light brown to tan, smooth, and has a circle of grooves on the edge. The apex is sharp, with a hilum, and the base is blunt or narrow. ; Endoderm membranous, grayish green, cotyledon 2, yellowish white, oily. The air is weak and the taste is light.
      ; It is large and flat, 15 ~ 19mm long, 8 ~ 10mm wide and 2.5mm thick. The surface is brown, with obvious grooves and wide ring edges. Apical flat section.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is dark reddish brown. The surface of seed coat epidermal cells was polygonal or irregular, with slightly curved or straight cuticular stripes on the pericarp. Stone cells scattered singly or in groups, brown It is long strip, oblong, triangular like or irregular, and the wall is wavy curved or short branched. Stellate cells are light brown, light green or almost colorless, irregular rectangular or oblong, with curved walls, several short branches or protrusions, and blunt ends. The diameter of threaded conduit is 20 ～ 40 µ M.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃), sonicate for 10 minutes, filter, and the filtrate is used as the test solution. Take another reference substance of 3,29-dibenzoyl Trichosanthin and add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.12mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 µ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane ethyl acetate (5:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), using petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) as solvent, it shall not be less than 4.0%
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (93:7) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 230nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the peak of 3,29-dibenzoyl trichosanthin.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of 3,29-dibenzoyl trichosanthin reference substance, accurately weigh it, add dichloromethane to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml, and get it (prepared for clinical use).
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of the crude powder of this product (dried at 40 ℃ for 6 hours), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 10ml of dichloromethane, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate it (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with dichloromethane, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      ; Precisely suck 5 µ 1 each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      The content of 3,29-dibenzoyl trichosanthinol (c44h58o5) in this product shall not be less than 0.080% calculated as dry product.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities and dried seeds, wash and dry them. Mash when needed.
      [character], [identification], [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, cold. .
      [functions and indications] moisten the lungs, remove phlegm, smooth the intestines and relieve constipation. Used for dry expectoration and mucus, intestinal dryness and constipation.
      .
      .
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent mold and moth.


2、 Chemical constituents of Fructus Trichosanthis
. Two kinds of glycerides with antithrombotic effects were isolated from seeds: 1-tri-chosanoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoyl-glycerin, 1-trichosanoyl-2,3-dilinoleoyl-glycerin, and 1,3-ditrichosanoyl-2-linoleoyl l-glycerin), et al. Seed oil contains a variety of sterol components:Campesterol（campesterol），Stigmasterol（stigmasterol）， 7-campesterenol, sito sterol, 7,22-stigmatadien-3-ol, 7,25-stigmatadien-3-ol, 7,25-stigmatadien-3-ol, 7,24-stigmatadien-3-ol, 7,24-stigmatadien-3-ol, 7,22,25-stigmatadien-3-ol, 5, 25 stigmatadienol, etc. The seeds also contain triterpenoids: Trichosanthes kirilowii diol, Trichosanthes kirilowii diol-3 benzoate, 7-oxodihydrodaronidiol, 5-dehydroka-rounidiol. It also contains a variety of amino acids, including glutamic acid,L-arginine（arginine），L-aspartic acid (aspartic acid) andl-leucine (leucine) content was higher. It also contains a trichokirin that can inactivate ribosomes.

⑵ Fructus Trichosanthis sinensis contains a glucoside mixture of 11 methoxynoryangonin, vanillic acid, tricin, 3-stigmasterol and α - spinach sterol. It also contains a variety of amino acids, including glutamate, arginine, aspartic acid and leucine.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fructus Trichosanthis
⑴ purgative effect the fatty oil contained in Trichosanthes kirilowii kernel has strong purgative effect.

⑵ it inhibits platelet aggregation trichosanthin, the main component of Trichosanthes kirilowii kernel, has significant effects on collagen and   The platelet aggregation stimulated by adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine has a concentration dependent inhibitory effect, and the inhibitory potency is roughly the same as that of linolenic acid (LNA).

⑶ anticancer effect Trichosanthes kirilowii seed has anticancer effect in vitro. Trichosanthes kirilowii glycoprotein extracted from Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds can inactivate ribosomes. Trichosanthes kirilowii glycoprotein conjugated monoclonal antibody (Tyl, 2 antigen) can selectively kill leukemia cells expressing Tyl, 2 antigen; The mechanism of Trichosanthes kirilowii glycoprotein immunotoxin entering cells is different from ricin A chain immunotoxin, and the former has a better application prospect in vivo.

.

(5) toxic oral overdose of Trichosanthes kirilowii can cause stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain diarrhea.