Evergreen
1、       . Harvested in autumn and winter and dried in the sun.
      [character] the product is oval or narrow oval, 6-12cm long and 2-4cm wide. The apex is acute or acuminate, the base is cuneate, and the edge is sparsely serrated. ; The color of the lower surface is lighter; The petiole is 0.5 ～ 1.8cm long and leathery. It is slightly fragrant and tastes bitter and astringent.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is brown to grayish green. The upper epidermal cells are polygonal, with straight or slightly curved vertical walls and slightly thick walls. The cells of the lower epidermis are irregular or rectangular, and the cells are smaller. Air hole infinitive. The mesophyll cells contained calcium oxalate cluster crystals and a few square crystals, and the cluster crystals were 18 ～ 55 μ m in diameter. The fibers are single or in bundles, mostly slender, with a diameter of 9-20 μ M.
      (2) Take 1g of the product powder, add 20ml of ethyl acetate, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take protocatechuic acid reference substance and Ilexonin reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 4 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate respectively, use chloroform methanol formic acid (7:1:0.2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample; Spray 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution and heat it at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   .
      ; ,
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Use methanol (containing 10% isopropanol) as mobile phase A and water (containing 10% isopropanol) as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution as specified in the following table; Evaporative light scattering detector detection. .
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      Time (min) mobile phase a (%)         Mobile phase B (%)
    --------------------------------------------
    0～10                 30→35           70→65
    10～12                35→43           65→57
    12～30                43               57
    30～40                43→57           57→43
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      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of Ilexonin reference substance, weigh accurately, add 80% methanol to make a solution containing 0.3mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 1g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it precisely, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of 80% methanol precisely, weigh it, sonicate (power 300W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 80% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      ; Accurately suck 10 μ L and 20 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine them, and calculate them with the logarithm equation of the external standard two-point method.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of Ilexonin (c36h58o10) in this product shall not be less than 1.35%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, astringent and cool. Return to lung, large intestine and bladder meridian.
      [functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, detumescence and remove blood stasis. ; External treatment for burns and skin ulcers.
      [usage and dosage] 15 ～ 60g. Apply appropriate amount externally, decoct in water and apply externally.
      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of evergreen
The main components in the leaves of ilexoside a, namely 3 β -o- (β - d-xylopyranosyl) Thai resinic acid, and ilexoside B methyl ester, namely 3 β -o- (β - d-xylopyranosyl) pomolic acid methyl ester. Protocatechuic acid(protocatechuic acid)，Protocatechuic aldehyde(pro-tocatechuic aldehyde)，Ursolic acid(ursolic acid)， Tannin, flavone glycoside and sugar, etc.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Radix Isatidis
1. antibacterial effect: Sijiqing, a diluted aqueous solution equivalent to 0.0125g/ml of crude drug, has inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus, Shigella flexneri, alkalobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus....................................the solution of Sijiqing. When the aqueous solution was diluted to 0.0031g/ml of crude drug, it still had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Its antibacterial component is mainly protocatechuic acid, and the minimum concentration of inhibition of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Staphylococcus aureus is 1.5mg / ml. it may also contain other antibacterial active ingredients. Sijiqing preparation, no matter oral or intramuscular injection, the Sijiqing components contained in the concentrated urine of rabbits reached the effective antibacterial concentration on the 1ST-2ND day after the application, indicating that this drug is stable, fully absorbed, and can still play a therapeutic role in urine after metabolism in the body.
2. treatment of experimental scald: Sijiqing potion (containing tanning mass of 1.6%) is applied to the second degree experimental scald wound of rats, which forms a relatively firm protective scab film with the exudate of the wound. After 3 days, the swelling of limbs in the administration group completely or mostly subsided, and the swelling elimination speed was significantly faster than that in the control group.
3. effects on cardiovascular system: Protocatechualdehyde, a component of Sijiqing, is 22mg/kg, and intravenous injection has a strong effect on coronary artery dilation in cats; Protocatechuic acid 50mg/kg intravenously in cats was mainly manifested in the reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption; The total flavonoid glycosides 10mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 2.5mg/kg and tannin 20mg/kg, respectively, had little effect on the cardiovascular system.
4. anti inflammatory effect: protocatechuic acid contained in Sijiqing has obvious inhibitory effect on formaldehyde induced foot swelling in mice, which is stronger than salicylic acid and close to acetylsalicylic acid. .
5. antitumor effect: Sijiqing and protocatechuic acid have mild inhibitory effect on experimental HF sarcoma and sarcoma (S180) in mice.
6. in vivo process: Sijiqing decoction is easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, and its effect is fast and complete. Protocatechuic acid injection is rapidly distributed in various organs and tissues in the body after intravenous injection, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The content of protocatechuic acid injection is the highest in kidney, followed by brain, liver, heart, etc., but the content is very low after 2 hours. Rats take it orally or intraperitoneally, and rabbits take it orally, and it can take its original form. . Sijiqing decoction was orally administered in large quantities once. The antibacterial effect of the drug in rabbit concentrated urine could be maintained for 2 days, which proved that the excretion was slow. After intravenous injection, most of its components were discharged within 4 hours after administration.
7. toxicity: the half lethal dose of Sijiqing Decoction administered by gavage in mice is 233.2 ± 11.56g (crude drug) / kg, which is 194 times that of adults 〔 1.2g (crude drug) / kg 〕 per day, indicating that the acute toxicity of the drug is small. Sijiqing Decoction 10g (crude drug) / kg per day, administered to rabbits for 14 days, has certain damage to the liver function of rabbits, that is, ALT increased after 2 weeks of drug withdrawal compared with that before administration. Liver tissue damage was found in the pathological examination, but it was mild, and there was no obvious effect on renal function. Sijiqing 〔 2g (crude drug) / ml 〕 and Sijiqing Turquoise 〔 100mg (protocatechuic acid) / ml 〕 were made into injections, which were given to rabbits intravenously. After continuous administration for 1 week and withdrawal for 1 week, the physiological and biochemical indexes were examined respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference between the control group and the administration group.