Radix Glehniae
1、 Standard of Beishashen drugstore       This product is the dried root of the Umbelliferae plant Glehnia littoralis fr. Schmidt ex miq. Excavate in summer and autumn, remove fibrous roots, wash, air slightly, scald in boiling water, remove skin, and dry. Or wash and dry directly.
      [properties] this product is slender cylindrical, occasionally branched, 15-45cm long, 0.4-1.2cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white, slightly rough, occasionally with residual skin, and the surface without skin is yellowish brown. All have fine longitudinal wrinkles and longitudinal grooves, and brownish yellow punctate fine root marks; Yellowish brown rhizome residues are often left at the top; The upper end is slightly thin, the middle part is slightly thick, and the lower part is gradually thin. It is brittle and easy to break. The skin of the section is light yellow white, and the wood is yellow. It has special flavor and slightly sweet taste.
      [identification] cross section of this product: the inner layer of the plug is a series of parenchymal cells with scattered secretory ducts. Visible cork layer without peeling. Phloem is broad with obvious rays; The outer screen tube group decayed into a strip; The secretory tract is scattered, with a diameter of 20-65 μ m, containing yellowish brown secretion, and 5-8 surrounding secretory cells. The cambium forms a ring. Xylem ray width 2-5 rows of cells; The ducts are mostly arranged in a "V" shape; .
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove residual stems and impurities, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly bitter, slightly cold. .
      [functions and indications] nourishing yin and clearing lung, benefiting stomach and generating fluid. It is used for cough due to lung heat and dryness, cough due to labor, phlegm and blood, deficiency of stomach yin, fever and body injury, dry throat and thirst,
      [usage and dosage] 5 ～ 12g.
      [note] it should not be used with resveratrol.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Glehnia littoralis
The roots and rhizomes contain a variety of coumarin compounds:Psoralen（psoralen)，Bergamot lactone（bergapten），Zanthoxylin（xanthotoxin)，Isoimperatorin（isoimperatorin)，Imperatorin（imperatorin)，Bergamot（bergaptin)， 9-geranyloxypsoralen, 9-methoxyisoimperatoride,Zanthoxyl（xanthotoxol)， Alloisoimperatorin, 9- (1,1-dimethylallyl) - 4-hydroxypsoralen,Isopurple peucedanone（marmesin)，Scopoletin PavilionScopoletin, 7-o- (3,3-dimethylallyl) - scopoletin [7-o- (3,3-dimethylallyl) -scopoletin] and osheol-7-o - β -gentiobioside [1]. It also contains northern sea cucumber polysaccharide (GLP) [2], phospholipid is about 140-150mg/100g, of which lecithin accounts for about 51%, cephalin XQ HK 18% [3].

3、 Pharmacological effects of Radix Glehniae
1. immunosuppressive effect: 1.1. inhibitory effect on mouse spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC): Thirty BALB / c mice were equally divided into five groups, and each group was sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 3 × 10 (2) sheep red blood cells (SRBC). . On the fourth day after sensitization, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation according to the modified jernes method. The spleen was dissected to prepare the spleen cell suspension, and the spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells were determined. The results were expressed as inhibition rates. Two batches of experiments were carried out, and four doses of Radix Glehniae polysaccharide had the effect of inhibiting spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells (p< 0.05). Another 30 g57bl mice were equally divided into five groups. The drug group was given Radix Glehniae polysaccharide at different times and different days before and after sensitization, and each dose was 800mg / kg, while the control group was given normal saline. Hemolytic plaque forming cells in spleen were determined on day 4. Results the number of spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells / 10 (2) splenocytes (x ± SD, the same below) was 654 ± 65 in the control group, 650 ± 101 in the D (10 minutes) medication group, 41 ± 2 in the D-3, -2, D-1 medication group (p< 0.01), 540 ± 10 in the D-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 medication group (p< 0.01), 485 ± 78 in the medication group on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 (p< 0.05). The above results showed that the administration of Radix Glehniae polysaccharide before sensitization significantly inhibited the spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells, and the inhibition of spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells was weakened after sensitization.
1.2. inhibitory effect on serum lectin titer of mice: Fifteen C57BL mice were equally divided into five groups, and each group was sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 3 × 10 (2) sheep red blood cells. In the treatment group, 100, 400, 800 and 1000mg / kg of Polysaccharide from Glehnia littoralis were given on day 1, and the eyeballs were removed on day 7. The serum lectin titer was determined according to the literature method, and the results were expressed by the antibody product. The results showed that all four doses had the effect of inhibiting the titer of mouse serum lectin (p< 0.05).
1.3. inhibition of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced delayed ear hypersensitivity in mice: 39 Kunming mice were equally divided into three groups, and sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 7% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene 0.02ml into the back of each mouse. In the D-1 medication group, cyclophosphamide (CY) 50mg / kg and Radix Glehniae polysaccharide 500mg / kg were given respectively. On the third day, 7% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene 0.02ml was subcutaneously injected into each mouse again. On the fourth day, the medication group was given cyclophosphamide 50mg / kg and Radix Glehniae polysaccharide 500mg / kg for the second time. On the 9th day, 0.02ml of 7% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was applied to the left ear of each mouse, and on the 10th day, a piece of ear piece with a diameter of 9mm was punched off the left and right ear shells of each mouse with a round punch. The degree of delayed type hypersensitivity was expressed by the swelling degree of the left ear. The results showed that the ear swelling degree of the control group was 110.5 ± 45.8%, that of the cyclophosphamide group was 55.6 ± 19.5% (p< 0.001), and that of the North sea cucumber polysaccharide group was 47.4 ± 27.1% (p< 0.001). The North sea cucumber polysaccharide group similar to cyclophosphamide can significantly inhibit the delayed type hypersensitivity of rat ears induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.
. The experimental results showed that ginseng polysaccharide had no obvious effect on the proliferation of blood lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin, while hydrocortisone acetate had a significant inhibitory effect. In addition, the polysaccharide of Radix Glehniae at 2000mg/ml inhibited the proliferation of human blood lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin (ConA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The above results suggested that the polysaccharide of Radix Glehniae had inhibitory effects on cellular immune function and proliferation of T and B cells.
2. antipyretic and analgesic effects: the ethanol extract of the root can slightly reduce the body temperature of normal rabbits, and also has a cooling effect on rabbits with fever caused by typhoid vaccine. There is also analgesia (electrical stimulation of rabbit dental pulp). The ethanol extract of leaves is less effective, and the volatile oil of roots is even worse.
. The effect on frog heart in vivo was similar to that in vitro. Intravenous injection of water extract in anesthetized rabbits can slightly increase blood pressure and strengthen respiration; The effect of vagotomy still exists.