Curcuma longa
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of tablet turmeric       This product is curcuma , a ginger plant;   Dry rhizomes of wenyujin y. h. Chen et c. Ling. After the stems and leaves wither in winter, dig them, wash them, remove fibrous roots, cut thick pieces longitudinally while fresh, and dry them in the sun.
      [properties] the product is oblong or irregular in shape, with different sizes. It is 3-6cm long, 1-3cm wide and 0.1-0.4cm thick. The outer skin is grayish yellow, rough and wrinkled, and sometimes links and fibrous root marks can be seen. The cut surface is yellowish white to brownish yellow, with a ring pattern and many small spots of tendons and veins. It is brittle and solid. The section is grayish white to brownish yellow, slightly silty. It has a special aroma, slightly bitter and pungent taste.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: there is residual skin and the outer wall is slightly thick. Cork cells are multilayered. The cortex is scattered with leaf trace vascular bundles; The endothelial layer was evident. . There are scattered oil cells in the parenchyma of cortex and middle column. I parenchyma cells contain starch granules.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 5ml of petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃), shake constantly for about 30 minutes, filter, transfer the filtrate to a 5ml volumetric flask, add petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) to the scale, and use it as the test solution. Take another 1g of turmeric control medicine and prepare the control medicine solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) - ethyl acetate (17:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heat at 100 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [content determination] determine according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204 a method).
      The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and warm. .
      . For chest and flank pain, chest pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, symptoms, rheumatic shoulder and arm pain, tumescent pain.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g.
      [note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Curcuma longa
Rhizomes contain curcumin compounds:curcumin(curcumin)， P, p-dihydroxydicinnamoylmethane, i.eDidemethoxycurcumin(bisdemethoxycurcumin)， Alkane(p-hydroxycinnamoylferuloylmethane)， I.eDemethoxycurcumin(demethoxycurcumin)，Dihydrocurcumin(dihydrocurcumin)； Sesquiterpenoids: curlone, turmeronol A and B, germacrone-13-al, 4-hydroxybisabola-2, 10-diene-9-one, 4-methoxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2, 10-diene-9-one, 2,5-diene-9-one, 2,5-dioxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2, 10-diene-9-one, 2,5-diene-9-one, 2,5-dioxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2, 10-diene-9-one, 2,5-dioxy-2, 10-diene-9-one, 2,5-dioxy-dioxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2, 10-diene-9-one, 2,5-dioxy-dioxy-dioxy-1, 2, Dehydrocurdione, (4S, 5S) - macropinone-4,5-epoxide [(4S, 5S) - germacron-4,5-epoxide], α - Turmerone, bisarcurone,Curcumenol(curcumenol)，Isocurcumenol(isoprocurcumenol)， Zedoaronediol, procurcumenol, eiprocurcumenol, 4,5-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene; Acidic polysaccharides: Turmeric polysaccharides (utonan) a, B, C, D. The volatile oil (4.2%) is mainly composed of gingerone, arturmerone, curcumene,Geminone(germacrone)， Aromatic curcumene,Cineole(cineole)， Terpinene,Curcumol(curcumol)， Curzerenone,CurdioneCurdione, α -pinene, β -pinene, limonene,Linalool(linalool)， Caryophyllene,Borneol. Also containsCampesterol(campesterol)，Stigmasterol(stigmasterol)，β - sitosterol(β-sitosterol)， Cholesterol, fatty acids and metal elements potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, etc., zinc / copper =3.7.

3、
Mice can only be gavaged with 40-100g of turmeric alcohol extract (traditional Chinese Medicine) and observed for 3 days without death. Rats were fed with 5, 2 and 0.5g/kg of turmeric extract (equivalent to 50, 20 and 5 times of clinical dosage) mixed into the feed for a total of 30 days. No abnormality was found in body weight, food intake and activity. No obvious pathological changes were found in the heart, liver, kidney, aorta and adrenal gland for histopathological examination. The median lethal dose of curcumin by gavage in mice was more than 2g/kg.