Lotus seed heart
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of lotus seed heart       This product is the dried young leaves and radicles of the mature seeds of Nelumbo nucifera gaertn., a plant of the water lily family. Remove and dry
      [properties] this product is slightly cylindrical, 1-1.4cm long, and about 0.2cm in diameter. The young leaves are green, one long and one short, rolled into an arrow shape, the apex is inverted downward, and fine germ can be seen between the two young leaves. Radicle cylindrical, about 3mm long, yellowish white. It is brittle and easy to break. There are several holes in the section. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is grayish green. Epidermal cells are slightly rectangular with thin walls. . Radicle cells are rectangular, neatly arranged, thin walled, and some contain fatty oil droplets. The intercellular space in young leaf tissue was larger.
      (2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 30ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take Liensinine perchlorate reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 4 ～ 6 μ l of the test solution and 4 μ l of the control solution, respectively dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform ethyl acetate diethylamine (5:4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and spray with dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile-0.015mol/l sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution (take 0.41g sodium dodecyl sulfonate and add 100ml water to dissolve) - glacial acetic acid (56:43:1) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 282nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the peak of Liensinine.
      Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of Liensinine perchlorate reference, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 25 μ g per 1ml, and get it (Liensinine weight Liensinine perchlorate weight /1.3587).
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      The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
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      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. Heart returning and kidney meridian.
      [functions and indications] it can clear the heart and calm the mind, connect the heart and kidney, astringe essence and stop bleeding. It is used for heat entering the pericardium, delirium, heart kidney disharmony, insomnia and spermatorrhea, blood fever and hematemesis.
      [usage and dosage] 2 ～ 5g.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place, damp proof and mothproof.
2、 Chemical constituents of lotus seed heart
Lotus seed XinhanLiensinine（liensinine），Isoliensinine（isoliensinine），Nuciferine（neferine），Nuciferine（nuciferine）， Pronuciferine, lorusine, methylcorypalline, demethylcoclaurine or higenamine,Apricot papaverine（armepavine）， Nelumbine, 4 '- methyl-n-methylcoclaurine, in addition to containingLuteolin（galuteolin），Hyperin(hyperin) andrutin（rutin），β - sitosterol,palmitic acid, unsaturated ketoacids and chlorophylls.


3、
1. cardiovascular effects: Lianxin amorphous alkaloid nn-9 can reduce blood pressure by 50% and maintain for 2-3 hours in anesthetized cats by intravenous injection of 1-2mg/kg; ; It has no antihypertensive effect on rabbits, and has rapid tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of cats and dogs. The hypotensive mechanism of nn-9 is mainly to release histamine and dilate peripheral blood vessels, followed by neurological factors. Liensinine 10mg/kg given intravenously to anesthetized cats also had a transient hypotensive effect, which recovered in 10-20 minutes; However, if it is changed to quaternary ammonium base, it will have a strong and lasting antihypertensive effect. According to the experimental results, the crystalline Liensinine is not the main antihypertensive component, while the amorphous alkaloid nn-9 has a strong antihypertensive effect. Neferine 30 μ mol / l could significantly inhibit contraction, adrenaline induced poker rhythm, prolong functional refractory period and reduce excitability in isolated rabbit papillary muscles; 0.3mmol/l significantly inhibited the positive ladder phenomenon in isolated rabbit left atrium, but did not turn over to the negative ladder phenomenon. Its antiarrhythmic effect may be related to its inhibition of na+ influx and ca2+ transport. Neferine 5mg/kg intravenously can antagonize arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in rabbits, aconitine in rats, ouabain in guinea pigs and coronary reperfusion in rats. The amplitude of transmembrane potential (APA) and the maximum rising rate of zero phase (Vmax) of sinus node in rabbits were decreased by 30 μ mol / L of methyllianxine; . Neferine 10 μ mol / L inhibited Purkinje fiber transmembrane potential Vmax, prolonged effective refractory period (ERP), and increased ERP / apd50 ratio in piglets; Cumulative administration of 1-100 μ mol/l inhibited Vmax in a concentration dependent manner, prolonged ERP, shortened apd50 (50% time course of action potential repolarization), prolonged apd50 at higher concentrations, and decreased APA.
2. effect on smooth muscle: demethyl Hengzhou aconitine has significant relaxation effect on smooth muscle.